JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:18|Papers Count:7

Hydrocarbons entered into the seawater are influenced and moved by different factors such as wind velocity, sea currents, tidal waves, etc. The area of oil slick also changes due to diffusion phenomenon influenced by gravity force, viscosity, surface tension etc. In this paper the results of hydrodyanmic model, developed by this team, are used to model the transportation of an oil slick.The advantage of this model is its flexibility to bring into accurate all important parameters which influence such phenomenon. This model will help to evaluate the chance of reaching the oil slick to the shoreline. To verify the accuracy and reliability of this model, some results will be compared with the results of previous works.

High velocity motion in marine activities is of great important thus the different studies and optimization have ever bean carried out on vessels with high velocities. One of the objectives in design and construction of commercial ship is to reach the destination of minimum timo and to have maximum space to transport the products and also minimum space to drive the equipments.

Biosphere reserves are protected areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). Iran has 9 biosphere reserves. Touran is the biggest Biosphere Reserve in Iran. In combining the three functions below, biosphere reserves should strive to be sites of excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development on a regional scale.1- Conservation-contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation.2- Development-foster economic and human development which is socio-cultural and ecologically sustainable.3- Logistic supports-support for demonstration projects, environmental education and training, research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues of conservation and sustainable development Touran Biosphere Reserve has been established as a national park, wildlife refuge and protected area. It is located in the south part of Semnan province. There are 64 human settlement canters with a population of 10700 individuals. The most human impact is overgrazing by livestock of nomad there are 375 species of plants and 41 species of mammals, 166 species of birds, 42 species of reptile, and 2 species of amphibian. Approaches to sustainable development in such areas mainly is based on conservation of biological resources perpetual, traditional fonus of land use, monitoring natural and social changes and improve the overall management of natural resources.In this study Touran Biosphere Reserve has been evaluated by biological and Socioeconomical resource. Systemic zoning of the area and landuse planning have been recommended.

Mnemiopsis Leidyi, an American native Ctenophore, invaded the Caspian Sea in 1999. At the same time, Iranian Fisheries Company (Shilat) reported a sharp decline in the catch of pelagic fish (Such as Anchovey, sprat) in the coastal water of Gilan and Mazandaran. The rate of catches before and after m. leidyi's invasion is evaluated and its socio-economical impacts are studied. The results show invasion of lU. leidyi has had numerous impacts in the Caspian Sea ecosystem. In addition, the Iranian fishermen have lost more than 44 billion Rials in 2000 -2001. At the final, in order to control of M. leidyi's population and reduce its effects, some recommendations have been proposed.

The combined-cycle power plant of Qum province lies on 15 km of Qum-Araak road. In order to handle the problem of recurrent power failures, the establishment of a thermal power plant in Qum was approved in 1988 with a predicted production capacity of 514 MW. In 1990, four gas fired units each with a nominal production capacity of 128.5 MW (514 MW in total), were constructed, of which the first unit started to operate in 1993. In 1994, the thermal power station was improved to a combined cycle power plant so as to reuse the heat that was wasted in the process of electricity production. To convert the heat into steam, two turbo-generator units, each with a capacity of 100MW, were added to the system.Currently, the production capacity of the combined-cycle power station has increased to 714 MW without any fuel needed in excess. Besides, the thermal energy wastage has also decreased remarkably, as the temperature of the gas flow from the smokestack has reduced from 392°C to 190°C.The combined-cycle power plant of Qum satisfies not only the electricity requirements of the province but it also provides some 4% of the whole electricity of the trans-country power network via two 230Kv lines.The environmental impact assessment of the combined-cycle power station of Qum is done as follow: To assess the polluting factors, the matrix method was employed by which the scores: ±1±2 and ±3 were given to sever, medium and weak impacts, respectively. The less the final score or the mean is, the more serious the impact will he regarded.Both the construction and operation phases, for both alternatives of no action and executive alternatives were conducted and analyzed.The final score were - 2/6 for construction phase and -2 for operation phase for th "No action" alternative. While 2.05 for construction phase and +1.82 for operational phase for the executive alternative, On a whole, It can be concluded that the choice of implementation of the power plant project is obviously better and more beneficial than not implementing it, as the negative scores gained through the tests were few.On the other hand, since the project has been already implemented and the power station stands at the operational phase, the wise measure to adopt is, to stick to fruitful management suggestions and guidelines in order to improve the state of the power plant regarding environmental aspects.In line with this, a number of management plans and proposals have been put forward for attention.

In this project the effects of parameters such as increasing height and distance from hard shoulder on Leq, LNP and dissatisfactory factor in sheykh Fazlollah Noori Freeway were investigated and a relation between these parameters was established.LNp was calculated through Leq, and dissatisfaction factor was defined according to local questioning. In this study the variation of traffic noise due to increasing height and distance from hard shoulder were measured in Sheykh Fazlollah Noori free way of Tehran.In this cross sectional study the residential zoos were recognized and the sound pressure levels were measured in different lights.The results showed that with increasing height the level of Leq is decreased, 3.48dB decrease in Leq per 3 meters rise in height. Then the isosonic curves for the whole route were drawn. On the other hand for every 15 meters in increasing distance from hard shoulderLeq decreases 1.5dB, there was no statistically significant relation between Leq, LNp, and dissatisfaction factor.