JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:15|Papers Count:8

In this research, water pollutants, recognition of resources with monitoring priority and understanding potentials and acceptance capacities of water resources of Hormozgan province were studied. Since the amount of pollutants are increasing, it is essential to use methods that are simple in calculations and at the same time give suitable and accurate estimates.In addition to environmental parameters, hydrologic and quantitative characteristics of water resources and also aquifers have special importance. The indices of common pollutant usually include a wide spectrum of matters, and considering numerous parameres in determining the ranking, of resources the screening methods was used. Screening is the most fundamental method for environmental evolution of water and soil resources. In Hormozgan province, some general information and rules for estimating the amount of pollution was offered, then ranking for monitoring was suggested with regard to the characteristics of each of resources. For screening of environmental information in each area of the study the following steps were performed:-The required and basic information were gathered;-The environmental problems of the area were recognized, by collection of data the garhered;-The required parameters of screening were found;-With the accessible methods, then the differences between them were explained;-Revolution was handled and some convenient suggestion and feasible ones for more essays and purifying the water and soil systems were offered.

The Propose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for oil refinery waste treatment and the role of bed and macrophyt plant in reduction of COD, nitrogen and phosphates concentration from wastewater.A model of "constructed wetlands" (reed bed) with the sub surface flow and with a sandy bed and macrophyt plants (Phragmites autralis) in laboratory scale was made. In this study the amount of COD, TKN, P-P04 removed from the wastewater were considered in three stages and since October to February 2001. The concentration of COD at two stages was 50 and 100(mg/lit) respectively at 3 retention times of 1,3 and 5 days and the concentration of TKN and P-PO4 was 11,23,1.25 and 2(mg/lit).In the first stage the result of the COD removal with an input concentration of 50 (mg/lit) and retention time of 1,3 and 5 days showed a good performance by both systems of reed bed and its control system. The efficiency of COD removal in reed bed system was nearly 70%.In the second stage, by increasing the input concentration of COD to 100(mg/lit), the efficiency of COD removal in the retention time of 3 and 5 days increased for both systems.The removals of COD, TKN and P-PO4 in reed bed system were better than the control unit.As the temperature reduced, the removal of pollutants in the both systems decreased, and the average efficiency removal of COD, TKN, P-PO4 in reed bed system was respectively 75, 57.3 and 51 percent in winter.In the third stage, as the COD concentration input increased to 320mg/lit, the efficiency of COD removal in the retention time of 3 days increased for both systems. The increased of COD concentration input to 320 (mg/lit), the efficiency of COD removal in the retention time of 3 days increased for both systems. Conclusion the efficiency of COD removal in reed bed system was nearly 82.35% and the comparison unit was 78.2%.

Extensive use of chemicals for the control of pests, weeds and plant diseases in the developed and developing countries is an issue in agricultural activities which leads to the increase in production and decrease in post-harvest losses.The increasing use and lack of proper quality of such pesticides have caused many concerns on their potential harmful effects on human health. Due to the lack of reliable data, this situation has caused special worries on long -term consequences of contact with pesticides.One of the most important methods for minimizing the potential effects of pesticides on human health is to detect their residues on foodstuff especially on the fruits which are consumed in raw form. When the pesticide residue is above the acceptable level, proper measures should be taken to specify its cause and also the cause for re-contamination.In order to control apple pests, chemical control is used in most parts of the Country. As recommended by the Plants Protection Organization, pesticides are used innumerous intervals so that withdrawal is observed. Samples were taken from the Cold storage Urmieh in order to assess tberesidues of organophosphorus toxins. In general, 23 samples each containing 10 apples were taken from 23 Cold storage on random. After sampling, the samples were taken to the laboratory of Plant Pestsc in and Diseases Research Institute. The samples were prepared and preserved in-20the freezer to until the tests for measuring the residue of toxins. Were under taken from the samples and then liquid-liquid separation was done.The obtained extracts were dried, Solved in a certain amount of methanol solvent. One liter of it was injected to GC/NPD gas chromatography unit and the remaining quantities of the toxins were measured. The finding showed that the measured amounts were less than the maximum authorized amounts as per codex standard and is therefore acceptable. The toxins identified in the samples were Etrimfos, Diazinon, Malathion, Ethion and Fenitrothion. All these toxin except fenitrothion are among the toxins recommended for apple pest control and the quantities measured show that the Withdrawal in theapple gardens has been observed. However, due to the low technical knowledge of some of the farmers, Fenitrothion which is an insecticide for wheat has been used for the control of apple pests.

The Persian Gulf region has special features that distinguish it from all other regions. The greatest concentrations of crude oil production occur in this area. So in each year 20 million meter cubic (m3) of oil was extracted of this area. The combination of subsiding coast because of oil and water extraction and rising sea level, could make the appearance sea level rise in the Persian Gulf at least double the global average. In this paper, the implication about temperature elevation sea level fluctuation due to variation of evaporation, temperature and precipitation on current of the Persian Gulf have been discussed.

The silkworm bombyx mori L. is a monophagous insect from lepidoptera order that eats only morus alba leaves.Silkworm produces silk that is the longest natural fibers in the world.The silk fibers are spinned end of larval period and highly would be affected by environmental conditions, chemical materials and their concentration.The objective of this study, as the evaluation of biological, Particularly Nuclear polyhedrosis virus, (NPV) effects on different silkworm genitical components.The reason that NPV selected as a biological pollutant was due to wide effects of this virus on silkwormmortality at different stages of this insect including larval and pupal stages.This study was carried out under RCD Methods by 9 various silkworm genitical components, and 5 replication include 110 4th instar larvae for NPV and control treatment.The results were processed by under IRRI stat and execell software's: The effect of NPV during treatment stages is independent of any kinds of genitical components and it can be shown by a mathematical model by max and min curve during peak mortality and normal Period of disease in populations.The evaluation of the effects of pollutants shows that the varieties (m 1-1 x 103) x (104 x 110) and (107 x 110 and (103 x m 1-1) x (104 x 110) are more resistant than the others.The variety xinhang 3 x koming 2 with the most mortality shows the least resiotance to the pollutants.

By using GGIS, which is introduced by IPCC, amount of GHGs emissions (CO2, CO, CH4, N20, NMVOC, NOX) were calculated for residential -commercial, agriculture and transportation sector in Iran (from 1994 till 2000). Then the trends of these emissions have been surveyed. In some cases decreasing GHGs emission indicated that strategies for saving energy in Iran had an effective rule. In this paper the trend of above mentioned gases, the ways of saving energy and reducing GHGs emission have been discussed.