JOSTARHA-YE TARIKHI (FARHANG) (HISTORICAL STUDIES)
Year:2007 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 (60)|Papers Count:10

After Arab invasion to Iran, some groups of them settled in Khorasan. They were either military forces whom the Umayyads Caliph tried to keep them away, or religious and political malcontents who themselves preferred to stay away from the Caliph and thus abandoned their country. The present article, by taking into historical works, tries to illuminate the role of these groups in the fall of Umayyad Caliphate and the beginning of the 'Abbasid dynasty.

In the age of Shah Abbas Safavi, Iran’s economic flourishment as well as agricultural products increased. The trade, especially silk trade, expanded. Nonetheless, in Shah Safi ruling age (1038-1052 A.H), this process came to a halt; and as the result, the political and economical power of Safavids began to decline. The author attempts to re-examine Shah Safi policy to see how this policy has played a leading role in directing the country into an economic recession.

Given the important roles of politicians in historical changes, analysis of their political behaviors may very well elucidate and explain for Iran's political changes. Abulqasim Dergazini may quite well be considered among one of them. As a result of a lack of a critical historiographical view on him, any judgments about his characters and moves should be given a second thought. In historical documents he has been portrayed as a corrupt and blood-thirsty politician. But Dergazini's role in revealing Seljuq Empire's unity will become explicit, if these prejudices are somehow put aside. The article, by taking into account previous historical works, tries to illuminate Dergazini's political behaviors.

Although under the Qajars the Caspian province of Gilan as both the prominent silk producer and the main channel for foreign trade through the Caspian sea, possessed a remarkable place in economy of the country as well as resources of the government, she was deprived of a proper route to communicate with interior Iran. Despite the importance of communication in develop process, the 19th century travel accounts indicate that the Qajars did not provide Gilan with a proper road but only a formidable worsenning mule track. Notwithstanding this, when Tsarist Russia, taking advantage of Nasir al-Din Shah's open policy, impelled Tehran to grant to the Russian Compagnie d'Assurance et de transport en Perse the concession of Gilan's shaussett road (1893), this scheme was not welcomed by the natives of the province. Moreover, the completion of the newly built shaussett road, though supposed to improve communication of Glian, resulted in the Gilanis' rebellion against the Russian Road Company (1899).This unexpected uprising, affecting Russo-Iranian relations, was going to bring about a Russian military intervention in Iran. This article, discussing the Qajars policy towards Gilan's road and obstacles to its development, examines causes of the Gilanis' opposition to the Russian Road Company. The social basis of the opposition and their motivations as well as Russia's policy towards Gilan's communication, especially the new road are other subjects to be studied in the persent work.

The study of the structure of traditional Mongolian society seems to be the key method for coming to a better understanding of its history. There seems to be not much of historical documents concerning Mongolian's social structure, but Mongolian, Chinese and Persian documents might very well reveal to us some dark sides of its still unknown structure.Based on these sources, the present article humbly strives for a clearer understanding of different socio-historical aspects, i.e. economic as well as family relationships, class differences, role of women and etc…, of the Mongol history.

It is commonly regarded that historians are neutrally observing narrators that write down the historical events without any previous presuppositions. The main and the kernel question is why and how, his views, beliefs, interests and feelings may come to play a major role in choosing, among many possible alternatives, an occurrence as the decisive historical event.Based on these fundamental questions and with regard to the meager discussions about this matter in Iranian academic circles, the present article, modestly, strives for investigating the role of historians in the reconstruction of history.

The tradition of constitutionalism started off in the latter years of the nineteenth century and gained victory one hundred years ago. Many historians have studied about this movement, but there are still many aspects that need to be studied deeply. One of the unknown subjects is the role of Iranian cities in the Constitutionalism.The present article, by taking into historical documents and texts, tries to illuminate the role of Isfahan and Bakhtiyari in the Constitutionalism movment.

One of the most important obstacles in the analyzing the urbanization in Iran is loss of efficient theories. So an exact and applied definition of the concept of “city and urbanization” has not been stated.Based on the fundamental theories the present article, modestly, strives for investigating the concept of “city and urbanization” in the Middle Age Iran.263304

In the constitutional movement, many texts and treatises, containing political, philosophical and social contents, have come to be compiled. Some of them are quite valuable and can also be used for a further study of the constitutional movement.The article attempt to examine two of those unknown treatises, ie., Fath-al-Mojahedin and Nezam-nameh.