RAHBORD
Year:2018 | Volume:27 | Issue:86 |Papers Count:8

Purpose: One of the most important national and international scientific goals of our country is the scientific authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In order to achieve scientific authority, it is necessary to use the strategies presented by the Supreme Leader based on the spatial, temporal and situational characteristics. This research seeks to prioritize these strategies to accelerate the achievement of the scientific authority of Islamic Iran.Method: The present research method is combinatory (quantitative and qualitative), so that in the first step, the method of data- based theory is used to extract the strategies for achieving scientific authority from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The extraction of the content has been done by drawing upon statements made by the Supreme Leader during the years 1368 to 1393. In the second step, based on the quantitative method of IPA, these strategies were prioritized based on the views of the experts in the field of science in the country.Findings: In the first part, based on the stage of extraction of concepts from leadership statements, fourteen fundamental strategies (main concepts in open coding) have been identified for achieving scientific authority; further, based on quantitative analyzes, these strategies were divided into four categories. Each category, based on two dimensions of importance and performance, represented the degree of priority of that strategy in line with the needs of the country. Results: Finally, after extracting major concepts based on quantitative analyzes, it became clear that the priority should be given to the strategies of "university and university unity", "software movement and science production", "transformation of education" and "development in the education system and theose of systematic management of the scientific field "and" attracting and supporting elites "should continue with the current level of attention. The third- group strategies include the Islamization of science, scientific exchange, scientific diplomacy. Transforming the seminaries, establishing the Islamic university, scientific discourse, free thinking. Finally, learning from the West but not to be content to remain a student, and establishing knowledge-based companies and commercialization of science and technology constitute the fourthe- group strategies.

Since the emergence of identity theory in the field of entrepreneurship, an idea has been prevalent that maybe some people and not everyone possess an identity which is entrepreneurial leading to the formation of entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, entrepreneurial passion influences entrepreneurial behavior through entrepreneurial targeting. Hence, the purpose of this research is to study the formation of entrepreneurial behavior. Sample of the study includes 70 entrepreneurs in Tehran′s, science and technology parks that were selected via simple random sampling. PLS software was utilized to analyze data. According to the results of structural equation modeling method, personal ideal entrepreneurial identity causes entrepreneurial passion for entrepreneurs in Tehran’s science and technology parks and incubators. The reliability of the questionnaire of the research was confirmed with Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.73.

In this unstable business environment in Iran, the chance of success belongs to the companies which are able to identify, control and predict the trends and develop foresight based on them. This article seeks to identify and analyze intra-organizational driving forces that stimulated the uptrend economic value added (EVA) in Tehran Stock Exchange Companies, as the most important sectors in the Iranian economy. First, using qualitative methods, the driving forces were recognized and classified in accordance with the strategic model of “Porter’s Value Chain”. Then, using quantitative method and applying structural equations software “PLS”, the relationship between the identified driving forces and EVA growth trend, and the multiple relations of identified driving forces were investigated. Based on the data gathered from 24 companies from 2011 to 2015, findings revealed that the five driving forces, namely, the companies’ power regarding operations, administrative affairs, promotions, marketing, R&D, and IT, have a positive and significant correlation with EVA trend. In addition, the significant correlation between some driving forces was proved. The findings of this research lead us to concentrate on more effective and controllable driving forces and taking them into account in our foresight and the planning of predictive strategies

With the securitization of cyber-discourse, the Islamic Republic of Iran will be engaged in a crisis and failure to adopt appropriate strategies against it will lead to possible international threats such as the nuclear dossier. Following the events of 2011 in West Asia and North Africa, the systematic tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia overflowed into cyberspace. On August.15, 2015, during cyber tension between Iran and Saudi, Aramco′s, cyber-equipment on a large scale was hacked. American experts have identified Iran′s as the cause of these attacks. After this event, the Islamic Republic of Iran′s cyber-discourse were exposed to securitization by Saudi allies, especially, the United States. These countries by ignoring Saudi Arabia′s cyber-attacks against Iran, have considered attacks on Saudi Arabia′s cyber-equipment (they believe that Iran is the main cause of these attacks) as a potential threat to most countries in the world.

In the age of electronic commerce, relying upon the territorial protection of trademarks law and facing its violation in the virtual space have become a challenging task. The lack of legislations for analyzing virtual space and the ambiguity over its connection with physical space in the law to determine jurisdiction have prompted the U.S. courts to tackle with the violation of trademarks and to give verdict on them by identifying some criteria in jurisprudence. According to these criteria, an American court accepts its jurisdiction in the virtual space and awards compensation based the state law on the conditions that certain factors exist and certain criteria are realized. By realizing those crideria, the court can extend the law even extra-territorially to damages incurred in a foreign territory. These criteria are: 1. The violation of trademark affects significantly the U.S. trade. 2. The site containing the violated trademark has been launched to target U.S. citizens and to influence its trade. 3. The site actively interactes with the U.S. residents and has caused damages within the country. 4. The accused has benefitted. from its deals and therefore, has exposed himself to the jurisdiction and legal protection of that state. In all these cases, the court determine and execute its personal jurisdiction.

Passive defense as one of the two types of defense against enemy military actions and threats, paves the way for sustainable assets improvement of countries at the time of occurrence of threat. Residential buldings are among the important assets in the city, which must ensure the public safety and the experience of recent wars in the region suggests that residential areas are not protected against enemy aggression. The small increase in the urban settlements in the country is not consistent with the defense imperatives in this field and for this reason, this article aims to extract passive defense strategies developed in the field of residential buildings and to prioritize them. The main feature of this field of research is prioritizing strategies to help guide the executive planners in this field in defensive investments. In this cross-sectional study which has been conducted based on the descriptive- analytical method, initially, eight passive defense strategies in the design of residential buildings were extracted from library documents. Then these factors were ranked based on the field study and a questionnaire using Likert and AHP comparative methods measured by Cronbach′s Alpha, yielding respectively 906.0 and 966.0 through a sample composed of 32 experts. After ranking the results of both methods, they were compared and the results showed that the best defense strategy for sustainable architecture in urban residential buildings is using the safe space. After using the safe space, strengthening and positioning factors achieved the greatest scores.

Each public problem has various aspects. On the other side, the system of governance and public policy created to solve problems is composed of several principles. As a result, to prevent divergence resulted from multiplicities and related negative effects, we need integration. Thus, the aim of this article is to specify how we can determine the integrity of public policy and governance system at all levels and aspects. In this article, which is an applied research, grounded theory is used as a qualitative method for gathering and analyzing data. The study population consists of professors and experts specialized in different dimensions and multiple angles of public policies and having a position in public policy-making institutes. Sampling method was targeted with a sample size of 16 people and interview method was used and the obtained model from the interviews, was accredited by Delphi method. Finally, components and usages of the model are briefly explained.