JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:24 | Issue:5|Papers Count:19

Introduction: In recent years, coronary-heart diseases including atherosclerosis have been a large outbreak. These diseases are associated with increasing low density lipoprotein (LDL). Since Peganumharmala and Piper longum plants are used as decreasing the blood lipid profiles in traditional medicine. So, in the present study the effect of ethanolic extracts of Peganumharmala and Piper longumwere was considered on the cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL in mice blood.Materials & methods: In this study, male NMRI mice were divided into a control group, and three experimental groups. The first treatment group perceived the extract of Peganumharmala with 200 mg/lit concentration (40 mg/kg approximately) daily. The second group perceived the extract of Piper longum with 200 mg/lit concentration in drinking water(40 mg/kg approximately) daily and the third group perceived daily the combination of both extracts with 200 mg/lit concentration in drinking water (40 mg/kg approximately). Treatment period was 30 days. The factors in the serum were measured via Colorimetric method. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software (ANOVA and Tukey tests).Findings: According to data, a significant decreasing (p<0.05) in cholesterol and LDL levels in each of three groups comparing to the control group were observed. Also, the combination of two extract caused the decreasing LDL level toward the extract of each of these plants loneliness, but no significant differences in the level of HDL, triglyceride and calculated VLDL were observed.Discussion & conclusions: Due to the decreasing of the rate of cholesterol and LDL of the serum in this research, Peganumharmala and Piper longum plants have been probably decreasing LDL and cholesterol.

Introduction: Themilk traditional sterilization methods are notable to eliminate it, so the evaluation of the biological approaches such as utility of lactic acid bacteria is necessary for the reduction and removal of this toxin. In this study, the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus was assessed to decrease aflatoxin M1adsorption for its reduction and adsorption in probiotic yogurt during shelf life.Material & methods: Three concentrations of the remained aflatoxinM1 in yogurt supernatants; 0.1,0.5and 0.75 ppb; were determined during first, seventh, fourteenth and twenty first days after yogurt processing, determined by ELISA procedure and confirmed by HPLC.Findings: The results showed that in both of the regular and probiotic yogurt, the lowest pH is related to treated yogurt samples by the low concentrations of toxin (0.1 ppb) and its maximum rate is for yogurt which contains the high concentrations of toxin (0.75 ppb).The reduction logarithmic cycle was 0.5 after21 days. Viability was high in all of three different aflatoxin M1 levels at the first day after processing. The results suggest that Lactobacillus rhamnosus is able to adsorb more than99% aflatoxin M1 in 0.1 ppb, while the toxin adsorption in 0.5 and 0.75ppb were 92%and 93%, respectively.Discussion & conclusions: The results of this study indicated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is able to reduce significantly the high toxin levels. Finally, ELISA procedure and HPLC results compared statistically and conformed that HPLC is able to be replaced by ELISA method to reduce the measurement costs of aflatoxin M1.

Introduction: Type II diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for 90 percent of disease cases. CTLA4 represents a key regulatory element in the T cell/antigen-presenting cell interaction. Because CTLA4 involves in antigen-specific apoptosis and progressive failure of B-cell, a typical feature of type 2 diabetes, CTLA4 may be a candidate gene to indicate type 2 diabetes susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene in type II diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects.Materials & methods: In this case-control study, the blood samples were collected from 100 patients and 111 controls from Sanandaj, Hamedan and Kermanshah cities. After DNA extraction, the polymorphisms of CTLA-4 was investigated by ARMS-PCR method. Then, statistical analysis of results was performed using chi-square test.Findings: The results show that the GG genotype at position +49 [OR (95% CI)=1.92 P=0.02] and in position-318 TT and CT [OR (95% CI) =9.80 P=0.02] are a risk factor for Type II diabetes, while on position -1722 T/C [OR (95% CI) =1.85 P=0.50] doesn’t have significant relationship.Discussion & conclusions: These results suggest that the polymorphisms +49 A/G and -318 C/T of CTLA-4 gene have significant relationship with type II diabetes, without any significant relationship with the position of -1722 T/C.

Introduction: Leachate contamination is one of the major problems caused by landfilling. high concentrations of COD and existence of toxic compounds in landfill leachate and makes it difficult for direct biodegradation. This study aims to optimize the operational parameters of electro-Fenton process for COD removal from landfill leachate in Tehran.Materials & methods: The experiments were performed at bench scale using a batch reactor. Treatment of landfill leachate by electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) method was carried out in an electrolytic reactor. Moreover, the effect of operations such as reaction time, initial pH, initial H2O2 concentration, electrical current on the efficiency of E-Fenton process were investigated.Findings: The results revealed that (E-Fenton) process can be used for the efficient treatment of landfill leachate applying the proper operating conditions. The best removal efficiency was obtained within 30 min with constant DC current value of 4.9 mA /cm2, H2O2 concentration is 1.5gL−1 and the initial pH value is 3. COD removal of 87.2% was obtained in these operational conditions.Discussion & conclusions: According to the obtained results, E-Fenton technology is able to produce sufficient amounts of advanced oxidants in situ to degrade great COD of leachate. In addition, (E-Fenton) process has been reported as one of the most appropriate pretreatment systems for degradation COD of leachate concentrates. This process improve biodegradability of the landfill leachate.

Cavernous malformation is an abnormal vascular lesion caused by dysfunction in vessel wall. This disease is often asymptomatic but seizure, hemorrhage, progressive neurological deficit and headache may be seen. Cavernous malformation usually presents as individual lesions. Multiple lesions are rare and can be familial with an autosomal dominant pattern. In this study a 41-year-old woman presenting with progressive neurological deficit consisting of diplopia, vertigo and facial palsy to hospital was examined and multiple cavernous malformation lesions were found. These lesions were also present in examination of other family members.

Introduction: Despite the beneficial effects of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, their residuals in food such as meat, milk and its transmission to human body have harmful effects. The purpose of this study was to monitor the residual antibiotics in raw and pasteurized milk of Maragheh and Bonab townships by four-plate test method (FPT).Materials & methods: For this purpose, 7 Dairy industries in Maragheh, 7 Dairy industries in Bonab, 4 traditional dairies in Maragheh, 5 traditional dairies in Bonab, a unit of milk processing plant in Maragheh, and a unit of milk processing plant in Bonab were chosen randomly. 25 milk samples were collected at 4 repeated different times of the remaining four antibiotics and were studied by plate method (FPT).Findings: 7 (94.24%) samples of raw milk dairy industries of Maragheh, 15 cases (47.53%) samples of raw milk dairies industry of Bonab, 6(5.37%) samples of raw milk dairies of traditional type in Maragheh 4 (20%) samples, and Bonabtraditionaldairymilk1 (25%) samples of pasteurized milk contaminated Maragheh antibiotic residues were detected and Bonab pasteurized milk samples were found as negative. The results showed that the maximum residual antibiotic in the penicillin and macrolid groups (p>0.05) and the least residual antibiotic was confirmed in enrofloxazin groupDiscussion & conclusions: According to Iranian milk consumption per capita, these rates of contamination affect considerable part of population especially vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, the elderly, and patients. This research shows the necessity of legislative and food inspecting organizations to control and minimize these contaminations.

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic and chronic disorder. One of the safe treatments in diabetes disease is the use of herbal plants in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to consider the antioxidant and anti-inflammation effectof ziziphus vulgaris (jujube) in contrast with diabetes.Materials & methods: In this study, 30 Wistar rats were studied in three groups including control diabetic, non control diabetic and treatment group for 5 weeks. The animals intreatment group were treated with the powder of jujube (1 g/kg bw) for two weeks. After two weeks, stereptozotocin (60 mg/kg bw) was used for induced diabetes in animal except non diabetic control group. Afterwards, the animals were treated for three weeks in the same way. At the end of the study the animal blood samples were taken and the antioxidant content of serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Data analysis was done by statistical tests as: Kruskalwallis and Wilcoxon singed ranks.Findings: The content of MDA and CRP had a significant decrease in comparison with diabetic control group in animals that received the powder of jujube before induction of the diabetes (P>0.05). In the end of study, the content of serum antioxidant in the rats that treated with jujube showed a significant increase in comparison with diabetic rats too (P>0.05).Discussion & conclusions: The jujube fruit has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and it is useful in preventing inflammation due to diabetes and diabetes treatment.

Introduction: Campylobacteriosis is the most common reason for diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans caused by Campylobacter species. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical symptoms in patients with Campylobacter-induced diarrhea admitted to hospitals in Tehran.Materials & methods: The clinical and demographic data of patients with diarrhea admitted to hospitals in Tehran were recorded. Stool samples were obtained from all patients. Samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory using the transporter medium Cary Blair and were cultured in the Campy_BAP as selective media. Bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical test. Results were analyzed using SPSS software.Findings: Of the 434 patients studied, 45% were female and 55% male. Of this number 33 (7.6%) of patients were positive for Campylobacter. 18 of which were female and 15 were male. The incidence of clinical symptoms seen in the patients was as follows: 93% nausea, 100%, anorexia and fever. The abdominal pain in 94%, of patients, headache in 25% and 89% in weakness o were observed. 89% and 95%of patients had Blood and mucus in stool samples respectively.Discussion & conclusions: Based on current study results, Campylobacretjejuni was cause of 7.6% diarrhea cases. Although anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and bloody stools was higher in patients with Campylobacter compare to other groups, but no significant association between clinical signs and symptoms of infection with Campylobacteriosis was found. Based on this study we recommend that for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections caused by this bacterium a culture should be done.

Introduction: The aims of this study are a comparative study of phonological processing in bilingual (Kurdish- Persian) elementary children with Down syndrome in Kurdish and Persian Languages.Materials & methods: This is a descriptive study in which all bilingual (Kurdish- Persian) elementary children with Down syndrome who are studying in exceptional schools of Ilam city have been participated. They were normal in hearing and oral structure. Standard Phonetic tests in Kurdish and Persian are used to extract phonological processing. Obtained data have been analyzed by means of SPSS software.Finding: The result of data analysis shows that there was no significant difference between language function of the patients in Kurdish and Persian languages, and their phonological problems in both languages were the same. Besides, there was no significant difference between gender and phonological problems in most subgroups of phonological processing, and male and female output were the same, except for the substitution and cluster reduction between boy and girls had significant difference.In general there was no significant difference between gender, language and phonological awareness.Discussion & conclusions: An investigation of relationship between type of language, gender and phonological process shows that there is no significant relation between these variables, so the phonological errors may be resulted from deviation.

Introduction: Since nurses are regarded as the greatest group of employees offering health services, paying attention towards the role of self-confidence in improving sense of responsibility has high importance. The aim of present study is to determine the relation between self-confidence and responsibility among nurses of hospitals in Ilam medical university.Materials & methods: Present study is a correlative- descriptive research, whose population consists of all of nurses in hospitals of Ilam medical university during 2014, among which 151 individuals were selected as the sample of study through Cochran's formula with a random sampling way. In order to collect data, standard questionnaire of Farzianpour et al (2012) and Jeremy Gilbert's responsibility evaluation (2010) were applied, whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability of 82.0 was determined by Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation factor and regression analysis in SPSS.Findings: Obtained findings indicated that self-confidence and its aspects (being important, competence, dominance, and virtue) have a significant relation with nurses' responsibility. Among these aspects, being important had the least relation to responsibility, while dominance and competence had a relative good relation with responsibility, and finally virtue had the most relation to responsibility.Discussion & conclusions: Results indicate that the current study was in alignment with previous studies. Therefore, in order to improve the sense of responsibility among nurses, it is suggested that managers provide the workplace in such a way that they feel themselves as valuable and efficient to form their self-confidence and establish a professional moral field of work, so that improvement of their responsibility would be achieved.

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial compounds in plants and nanoparticles for control and treatment of disease agents have been extensively studied. The present study aimed to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf aqueous extract of Sambucus ebulus L. and study of their antimicrobial activity.Materials & methods: To biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, fresh extract was prepared and added to silver nitrate solution with concentration 1 mM. Effective parameters on synthesis of silver nanoparticles such as; pH, the volume of extract, silver ion concentration, temperature and reaction time were optimized and studied to obtain individual shape and size of nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activities of extract and silver nanoparticles were studied with the Disc diffusion and MIC methods against four bacterias such as; Staphylococcus aureus (PTTC 1112), Bacillus cereus (PTTC 1154), Escherichia coli (PTTC 1399), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTTC 1707) and two Fungus such as; Aspergillus niger (PTTC 5012) and Candida albicans (PTTC 502).Findings: After adding the extract to the silver nitrate solution, the color changed to brown that represents to successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 405 nm and they were spherical shape and the average size of them had been between 8-12 nm. These nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity on samples, so that they were prevented the growth of bacterias and fungus in very low concentration.Discussion & conclusions: Because of existing the antioxidant properties and many secondary compounds in plant, they have a role in reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. In this study, the silver nanoparticles synthesized by leaf aqueous extracts of S. ebulus. The silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial activity.

Introduction: Self- immolation is considered as a great tragedy for the families. This study was conducted aiming to identify related factors and determine the epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempters in Ilam province during the years 2011 to 2015.Materials & methods: In a descriptive study, all medical records of self-immolation patients were studied over a period of 5 years. The required information was collected and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS 22.Findings: Results revealed that out of the total 236 people, 168 women (71.2%) and 68 men (28.8%) had the experience of self-immolation. The mean age of the participants was 34.85 years, ranging from 11 to 90 years. 81.4% of those people died due to severe injuries. 6.35% of the total participants were addicted. The mean burn surface area was 80%, ranging from 20% to 100% of body surface burns. In 96.6% of the cases, the ignition-causing material used in the suicide was oil. 55.1% of the individuals were married, 25.8% were illiterate, 68.2% were citizens of the urban areas and 74.2% were housewives or unemployed. Most cases of self-immolation occurred in the spring (28.4%). The mean of incidence and the total years of life lost due to premature death from suicide within five years were 8.43 per one hundred thousand individuals and 8388 years, respectively.Discussion & conclusions: Paying more attention to the younger generation, especially women, presence of women in society, increasing the awareness and education level of people and having a good job can be effective in preventing and reducing the phenomenon of self-immolation.

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and impaired pancreatic function. With regard to the medicinal properties of amaranth, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of amaranth on skin histomorphological changes in diabetic rats.Materials & methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control group, sham group, first experimental group, and second experimental group). After general anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine in groups of mice. In these rats, an injured area of 4cm2 was created on the left spine. The control groups had no ointment and first experimental group was treated with eucerin ointment. In addition, second experimental group was treated using pomegranate fat and eucerin ointment twice daily. Wound healing was evaluated macroscopically. Microscopic study were assigned to another article.Findings: Wound healing in group that became diabetes using streptozocin, showed late recovery compared to normal wound healing in normal groups and wound healing in experimental groups treated with Pumice Granum was accelerated compared to control group.Discussion & conclusions: Results of this study showed Pumice Granum causes accelerated skin wound healing in normal and diabetic samples.

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate is a food additive which acts as preservative or enhancer of palatability. Some studies show some adverse effects of this agent on reproductive system like as structural and functional alterations and reduction of fertility. According to various antioxidant properties of quince leaves and the cytotoxic effects of monosodium glutamate, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of quince leaf extract on testicular tissue alterations induced by monosodium glutamate.Materials & methods: 60 adult rats were divided into six groups: 1) control; 2) monosodium glutamate (30 mg/kg i.p.); 3) monosodium glutamate (60 mg/kg i.p.); 4) monosodium glutamate (30 mg/kg i.p.) + quince leaf extract (500mg/kg p.o.); 5) monosodium glutamate (60mg/kg i.p.) + quince leaf extract (500mg/kg p.o.) and 6) control+quince leaf extract (500 mg/kg p.o.). At the end of eight weeks, histomorphometeric and spermatogenic evaluations were done on testicular samples.Findings: The results showed that, administration of monosodium glutamate lead to structural and functional alteration of testicular tissue such as tubular atrophy and spermatogenic amendments while, use of quince leaf extract can reduce the revealed alterations.Discussion & conclusions: According to the findings, it is concluded that antioxidant herbs such as quince leaf, can be effective in reducing of structural alterations of testicular tissue induced by monosodium glutamate.

Introduction: Designing the effective interventions to prevent and control the HIV/AIDS whose characteristics is different from other communicable diseases, needs appropriateness with audience’s HIV/AIDS health literacy. This study aimed at developing a tool for measuring HIV/AIDS literacy for Iranians.Materials & methods: By assessing the usual tools for measuring health literacy, TOFHLA was selected as the basic framework. At first general content was developed through searching the Persian literature relevant to HIV/AIDS and its skill portion was extracted. Disease Prevention Cure and Care and Health Promotion were considered as three main subjects for categorizing the content. By developing the primary items and placing them into the known skills in health literacy (search and obtain, interpret and understand, and use of health information and services), the questionnaire draft were developed. Content validity through expert panel and determining CVR & CV, and reliability by estimating Cronbachs Alpha and test-retest method were confirmed.Findings: CVR and CVI were estimated as ≥ 0.8 and ≥ 0.77 respectively. Cronbachs Alpha was 0.75 and correlation between test-retest scores was 0.78.Discussion & conclusions: Developed tool for measuring HIV/AIDS literacy had acceptable reliability and validity. This tool can be used for categorizing Iranian society, and designing and implementing the appropriate educational programs based on their health literacy levels.

Introduction: Servant leadership is one of factors that influence organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, spirituality at work develops organizational citizenship behavior which can improve the performance of nurses and the quality of caring services provided by them. This study aimed to determine the direct effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior as well as the indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through mediation effect of spirituality.Materials & methods: This is a descriptive correlative study based on path analyzing among 152 nurses and 57 head nurses of training hospitals in Rasht. Samples were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using servant leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and spirituality at work standard questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling.Findings: The results indicated that the status of servant leadership style for head nurses and the status of spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior for nurses are relatively desirable. The direct effects of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (t=1.35, β=0.08), servant leadership on spirituality at work (t=2.05, β=0.18) and spirituality at work on organizational citizenship behavior (t=10.02, β=0.75) are all significant. The indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation effect of spirituality at work (t=6.21, β=0.6) is statistically significant.Discussion & conclusions: According to the findings, by servant leadership, nursing managers can enhance the spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior among nursing staff improving the quality of care provided for patients.

Introduction: Using nutritional supplements is proposed to avoid the stresses-induced by physical activity, delayed fatigue and maintenance of performance during competition. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of combined supplement Neurobion on Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes levels following a session of exhaustive exercise in amateur men boxers.Materials & methods: Twelve men boxer with an average age of 19.1±2 years, weight 71.3±6.2 kg and percentage of body fat 8.9±0.7 participated in this study. In two consecutive weeks, they consumed Neurobion supplement and placebo (distilled water) into5 ml ampoule and then carried out exhaustive exercise boxing. Exercise implemented with fists swiping to punch bag in 3 rounds of 3 minute with 1 minute rest intervals between rounds with maximum intensity and competitive. To measure the levels of LDH and CK induced by muscle cell damage, blood samples were taken in four stages before, immediately, and 2 and 6 hours after exercise.Findings: The results showed that consuming combination of vitamin Neurobion had a significant effect on serum levels of LDH and CK in different stages of exercise (p=0.001). With intake supplement, the amounts of CK in2and6hours, and LDH in the immediately after the exercise, compared with placebo group had a significant reduction (p<0.05).Discussion & conclusions: It is concluded that, using combination of vitamin supplement Neurobion by maintaining molecular structure of cells and sarcomere, as well as muscle cell membrane integrity, cause reduced amounts of LDH and CK enzymes in the amateur boxers after exhaustive exercise.

Introduction: Most of the newborns’ diseases transfer to them through their mothers. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most prevalence infections which transfer from mother to embryo. CMV is the cause of congenital infection and is known as spontaneous abortion in mothers. This virus can cross the placenta and cause clinical signs in embryo and infant. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR and Real Time PCR for diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus using molecular tests.Materials & methods: In this study, out of 100 infants with clinical signs (under 3 weeks) who referred to Qom and were suspected to infection with CMV. The urine samples were studied for existence of DNA for using PCR and Real Time PCR methods and using specialized primers and probe.Findings: Out of 100 newborn, DNA of CMV was excreted through urine. 58 newborns have CMV DNA in their urines. The results with 2 methods have similar PCR and Real Time PCR. The CMV DNA was not found in 19 newborns.Discussion & conclusions: The results show that the molecular tests are influential for fast diagnosis especially tracking viral DNA using PCR method. Also on the strength of this research, the importance of this study and submitting solutions for fast and accurate diagnosis of this Virus in newborns immediately after delivery is necessary for treatment and preventing this Virus.