LITERARY TEXT RESEARCH (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:43|Papers Count:9

One of the most important mystical issues is the secret and mystery of paradox and paradoxical speeches of great mystics. We must seek to establish the theoretical principles needed in order to interpret and explain the basis of rhetorical paradox in the literature of mysticism, particularly the mystical paradox. To this end, this study investigates and examines the theoretical basis of Mevlana’s views. The author believes that the contrast of human existence from Mevlana’s perspective constitute the basis of mystical paradox. Consequently, various ideas regarding the interpretation of Mevlana’s theoretical foundations and his mystical paradoxical thoughts have been thoroughly investigated according to the theory of double location.

Self-repair is a process that the speaker realizes a trouble in ‘turn constructional unit’ and decides to repair it. How far the speaker goes back is different in various languages. This study intends to identify whether there is a relationship between the constituent under construction and the scope of recycling. The results show that 89.8% of the repaired segments consisted of a single clause constituent (whole or partial) and 9.2% of some combination clause constituents. Although different types of constituents (S, V, O, etc) differed with regard to how often they appeared bin repaired segments as whole or partial constituents and how often they combined with other constituents to form combined-constituent repaired segments, there found to be no relationship between the constituent under construction and the scope of recycling.

Love or affection is the very vivid sign and semantic clue in any mystical texts. This concept which has human and theological relevance is significant in any psychological and semiotic analysis of mystical texts. In the history of Sufism and Islamic mysticism, the term “Love” has had a transcendental evolution in a coherent and systematic way. Therefore, throughout this evolution and development, there are psychological experiences and philosophical explanations about the nature of love which are all based on intuition, profound mystic thoughts and exotic emotions. This paper introduces the book of “Atf-ol Alef al-Maluf àl-allam-al màtuf” by Abolhasan Deylami (d. 391 AH. AH) which is the first independent and detailed treatise about historical, psychological, and philosophical analysis of “love” in mysticism and Islamic mysticism. Moreover, the impact of this book on later works such as “Savaneh_ol oshag” and “A'bhar-ol A'shegin” will be discussed.

Since poetry is the result of breaking the system and the principles governing the standard language, the poet has to inevitably deviate from such norms and resort to a variety of techniques and tools to create a work of art, causing the adjacency of language axis to its literary role. However, Bidel Dehlavi as the most prominent poet in Hindi style has exploited linguistic techniques to represent the attributes of the content and the form of this era. These features can be found either in his language or in his poetries. The present study is an attempt to analyze some of the amazing linguistic techniques, constructive structures, and their meanings according to the processes that take place in the deep structure of such clauses and compounds on the imaginary syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis of language and their shift to the surface structure.

This paper aims at finding the sources of an anecdote of Hadiqa. It recounts the chivalrous conducts of a man from Sufia; while, representing one of the fundamental principles of chivalry. Hilliat al-Olia of Naeim Isfihani has already been identified as one of its sources; however, the results of this inquiry show that this story is found among the sayings of two Shiaat Imams: Imam Sajjad and Imam Mohammad Baghir (peace be upon them). Moreover, in the book of zikr al-Nasva al-Motaabbidat al-Sufiat, Sulami narrates a similar story that may be one of its main sources. It has also been mentioned by Ab al-Hasan Hojviri and Shahab al-Ddin Omar Sohrivardi in their respective books, Kashf al-Mahjoob and Avarif al-Maarif. Observing the female protagonist of this anecdote, a part has been added to this paper under the title of “Women and Chivalry”, in order to introduce the chivalrous women and to represent their position in this doctrine.

Although almost all scholars and educators believe that the number of compound verbs in Persian language is more than the simple verbs, there has not been enough concern for those categories of verbs which accompany compound verbs such as qarâr dâdan, qarâr gereftan, vâred kardan, be amal âvardan “put down, set up, and act out” and the like. Hence, this paper aims at describing and examining the compounds which are accompanied by the word verbs of “qarâr dâdan and qarâr gereftan” in Persian. To this end, after a short introduction, some relevant viewpoints regarding compound verbs have been put forward and analyzed. Furthermore, a multifold classification of the above mentioned word verbs are presented based on form, meaning, and the use of the compounds and the characteristics of any group of compounds have been explained. Finally, after summarizing the characteristics of the multiple categories and presenting some hypotheses concerning the reasons for making use of the aforementioned compounds, some suggestions have been made for further discussions.

This paper presents some of the most important components and features of postmodernism, such as the significance of ontological theme, incoherence, mixing literary types (genres), short circuit, uncertainty, ambiguity, intertextuality, paranoia, and etc. Further, the existence of some of these elements in Dr. Shamisa’s novel is discussed with reference to the documents mentioned in the text. Actually, this novel has entered the postmodern area in a novel and original way as it includes the dominant elements of postmodernism through signalizing the ontological themes and with the use of mystical discussions in a functional manner. Although this study includes the elements of modernism, it has also highlighted the epistemological and ontological themes closely.