Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care
Year:2016 | Volume:24 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is not exactly life threatening but it can seriously alter the quality of life of many women and affect their productivity and mental health. On the other hand, physical activity is one of the factors affecting PMS. In order to study this topic we decided to investigate levels of physical activity and Pre Menstrual Syndrome amongst female university students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 students of Zabol University in 2013; the subjects were chosen in several stages and questionnaires of individual characteristics, premenstrual symptoms and Beck’s physical activity were completed. After collecting the data using the SPSS version 16 software, descriptive statistics and chi-square test with a significance level of P=0.05 was used.Results: The results showed that %75.8 of the students had premenstrual syndrome and of these, 97 students had regular physical activity (active) while 143 were inactive. Also, the two groups (active and inactive) had significant differences in the intensity of PMS symptoms (P=0.05).Conclusions: Consequently, given the high prevalence of PMS in the subjects and fewer symptoms of active students compared to inactive subjects, further measures, that would encourage students to benefit from exercise, appear to be necessary.

Introduction: Intravenous catheter insertion in hospitalized children is common, invasive, painful and a fearful procedure, which can change physiological indicators. This study aimed to assess the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essence on physiological indicators of intravenous catheter insertion in hospitalized preschool children.Methods: A single-blind clinical trial was conducted using convenience sampling on 60 hospitalized preschool children at the pediatric ward of Beast hospital of Hamadan city during year 2015. In the aromatherapy group, 30 children inhaled five drops of %2 Lavender essence and in the control group, 30 children inhaled five drops of distilled water as a placebo for 20 minutes before entering the venipuncture room. Physiological indicators were measured 30 minutes before intravenous catheter insertion, immediately, and 5 and 10 minutes after intravenous catheter insertion. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (version 16) software and Chi-squire, independent t, repeated measurement and multiple comparison tests.Results: There were significant differences between mean heart rate (P=0.001), SpO2 (P =0.003) and respiratory rate (P=0.001) before, immediately, and 5 and 10 minutes after intravenous catheter insertion of the aromatherapy and control group.Conclusions: Inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence reduced physiological changes of intravenous catheter insertion in hospitalized preschool children. It can be used as a simple, inexpensive and safe complementary treatment in pediatric wards.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is largely preventable and the main principle for its prevention is through understanding people's belief, lifestyle and daily habits. This study was performed to determine the knowledge, belief and practice of elderly about osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model in Karaj city of Iran.Methods: This descriptive-analytical survey was conducted during year 2014 on 286 elderly of Karaj city (Iran) by the cluster random sampling method. For data collection a questionnaire including demographic information, knowledge, beliefs (based on the Health Belief Model) and practice was used. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square, T-test, Pearson’s correlation and Regression tests.Results: In this study, %65.4 of elderly had no knowledge about osteoporosis and only %22.5 had positive beliefs about its prevention. Most of the participants had undesirable behavior. There was a significant relationship between level of awareness and daily calcium intake and physical activity (P<0.05). Perceived benefits were identified as the most significant predictors of behavior.Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that authorities should pay more attention to raise awareness, and modify the belief and behavior of the elderly about prevention of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is suggested that instructional programs using behavioral science theories, and instructional methods and media to be designed to improve the present situation.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is one of the most important factors in ensuring the health of infants. Self-efficacy of mothers is effective on promotion and continuation of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactation counseling on self-efficacy and continuation of breast-feeding in primiparous mothers.Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. In this study, 104 qualified primiparous women, after vaginal delivery, were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. Before the consultation, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, self-efficacy in breastfeeding, and continuation of Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), was completed by both groups. Four weekly sessions per month and three monthly telephone follow-ups were conducted for the intervention group. While the control group received only routine care. After the fourth month of delivery, the two groups were re-examined.Data was analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t test and Chi-square test.Results: The two groups had no significant differences in demographic variables. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy of breastfeeding between intervention 38.139 ± 41.11 and control 90.137 ± 10.11 groups. While after the intervention, there was a significant difference in self-efficacy of breastfeeding between the intervention 13.156 ± 92.6 and control 15.101 ± 11.18 groups (P<0.001). Also EBF at four months showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.03).Conclusions: With regards to the role of consulting on self-efficacy and breastfeeding continuation, it is suggested for this consultation to take place in hospitals.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The main cause of death in these patients is reduced self-care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Orem self-care model on the ability of patients for self-care.Methods: This Clinical trial was conducted on two experimental and control groups.The experimental group comprised 70 patients with colorectal cancer referring to Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah in 2015. Sampling was done through available sampling method. Data collection instruments were demographic and "Study of Self-Care Activity" questionnaires. After gathering the necessary information, the care plan was implemented based on the Orem’s self-care framework to assess the knowledge, skills and self-care in both experimental and control groups. After two months of Orem self-care framework implementation, the patients were measured.Results: The knowledge, skill and ability to care were moderate and low before the intervention and also showed no significant differences (P £ 0.05); but, after the intervention, the average value was listed (P ³ 0.05). The Wilcoxon test showed the effectiveness of the implementation of Orem’s model in these patients (P=0.001).Conclusions: The application of Orem’s self-care framework was a way to increase the knowledge, skill and ability to care in patients with colorectal cancer. It is proposed for increasing the care for these patients and to be used as a nursing intervention.

Introduction: Nursing ethics is a branch of professional ethics which applies ethics and ethical decision-making in the realm of nursing. The aim of this study was the assessment of the relationship between awareness on ethical codes and nursing errors reported by the staff in Persian Gulf hospitals of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2014.Methods: This study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population included all the nurses in Persian Gulf hospitals of Bushehr in 2014, of which finally 160 patients were enrolled. The sampling method was census and for data analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA were used.Results: Nurses’ awareness of ethical codes comprised %57 poor, %19 moderate and %24 strong recognition. The average nursing error was 15.38 ± 16.82. The relationship between the knowledge and the average nursing error was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Between demographic factors and the knowledge and error rate was no statistically significant relationship.Conclusions: It is recommended to implement professional ethics education, in order to enhance professional ethics and reduce nursing errors. This program must be a top priority for nursing students and staff.

Introduction: Mental health is affected by several variables, among which the most important ones could be considered job burnout, social support and psychological hardiness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of job burnout, social support and psychological hardiness with mental health among nurses.Methods: This was a descriptive–analytical research from the correlation type. The statistical population included all the nurses of a governmental hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2015. Totally, 400 nurses were selected through multistep cluster sampling method.All of them completed the questionnaires including job burnout by Maslach & Jackson (2008), perceived social support by Zimet et al. (1988), Kobasa’s psychological hardiness (1979) and Goldberg & Hillier’s mental health (1979). Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model using SPSS-19.Results: Job burnout (r=0.37) showed a statistically significant positive relationship with mental health of nurses and perceived social support (r=-0.56), and psychological hardiness (r=-0.53) showed a statistical significantly negative relationship with mental health of nurses (P<0.01). In a predictor model, job burnout, social support and psychological hardiness predicted 54.9% of variance of mental health of nurses (R2=0.549).Conclusions: According to the findings of this research, it is suggested that counselors and therapists decrease the rate of job burnout and increase the rate of social support and psychological hardiness in order to increase the mental health of nurses.

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. Injecting drug users are at high risk of hepatitis B and the majority of cases with hepatitis B are among this group. The purpose of this survey was to study the preventive behaviors of hepatitis B based on Health Belief Model among addicts affiliated to Hamedan.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 135 male addicts selected as research units. The data collection tool was a questionnaire designed based on Health Belief Model and preventive behaviors of hepatitis B. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity method and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data was analyzed statically by Pearson’s correlation test, Spearman’s correlation test and t-test with SPSS version 22.Results: The mean age of subjects was 10.52 ± 38.65 years. The mean mark in each structure was as follows; perceived susceptibility: 4.95 ± 9.23 (maximum 24), perceived severity: 9.16 ± 20.24 (maximum 32), perceived benefits: 6.47 ± 11.40 (maximum 24), perceived barriers: 12.56 ± 21.87 (maximum 64), cue to action: 7.27 ± 10.05 (maximum 30), self-efficacy: 11.58 ± 18.73 (maximum 40), behaviors: 2.92 ± 4.01 (maximum 16). There was no significant correlation between the variables and behavior (P>0.001). There was no significant relationship between age, level of education, income, occupation, marital status and preventive behaviors of hepatitis B (P>0.001).Conclusions: Considering risky circumstances, educating drug users is important and necessary for the prevention of hepatitis B. Health education programs, therefore, are recommended to prevent hepatitis B in addicts.