VILLAGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2016 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:11

One of the main obstacles in rural sustainable development is the top-down planning approach and insufficient attention to comprehensive rural development. The main characteristic of such plans is to pay little attention to rural people and their participation in their concerned affairs. This study aimed at investigating the effective factors in the extent of rural people's participation in management of forest natural resources in eastern Bandpay district of Babol county of Iran. The statistical population included the mentioned household heads of the region out of which 328 participants were selected in Cochran sampling method. The studied data were collected through observation، interview and questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive (frequency، mean) and inferential (correlation and Freedman tests) statistics. The study results showed that in spite of the inhabitants' high tendency، their participation in conservation، renewal and implementation activities was low; in addition، there was a positive correlation between their participation in the activities related to natural resources and those of social، economic، structural and institutional factors.

This study investigated the role of tourism in rural development in Ramsar county of Iran. The statistical population consisted of two groups: tourists including families who were traveled to this county and stayed in tourism areas for a short time (n=120)، and rural hosting families including local households who delivered services to the tourists (n=130). The sample groups were selected randomly through the Krejcie and Morgan table. The main instrument was a questionnaire developed by the investigators. Majority of the local people (86. 2%) and tourists (92. 1%) emphasized on the effects of economic factors (at moderate to high levels) on the rural development. T-test results showed a significant difference between the viewpoints of the two groups regarding the socio-economic effects of tourism; but there was no significant difference regarding the environmental factors. In addition، majority of the tourists (80. 67%) and the locals (70%) emphasized on the environmental impacts on rural communities at the moderate to high levels.

In this study، analyses of critical success factors by the smooth development path for productivity in this domain in the rural sector were discussed and the concept of achieving success in terms of the indicators of success included improvi ng the quality of life in rural areas، rural development، reducing the digital gap، and e-services. For data analysis، a comparison test was used، and AHP model was selected to rank the factors. Study results indicated the effectiveness of the main factors (organization، human، technical and process ) on the successful implementation of ICT; and as shown by the ranking، the technical factors had the highest effect. In addition، sub-factors of readiness of the telecommunications department in terms of appropriate infrastructure in the organizational dimension، t raining courses for practitioners in the human dimension، appropriate growth and expansion of optical fiber in the technological dimension، and ease of use of the system in process dimension had the highest priority.

This study aimed at assessing the educational poverty status and examining determinants of poverty in rural society in Iran. For this purpose، poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap ratio in the three educational levels were used. The data related to cost and income of rural households in the country were collected through the data published by Statistics Center of Iran for 2013. The results of poverty headcount ratio showed that the educational poverty rates of 0. 96%، 17. 36% and 9. 61%، respectively، at elementary، middle and high school levels in the Iranian rural society; and generally، about a quarter of the rural households did not suitablely benefit from the formal education. Poverty gap rate also indicated educational Poverty depths by 0. 27%، 8. 61% and 6. 65%، respectively، at elementary، middle and high school levels in the rural society; and generally، there was 15% educational poverty gap among the rural households. In addition، tobit model results showed that increase in household size، female-headed households and married headed households would increase the educational poverty; and increase in age and annual income of the households and also literacy level of household heads would decrease the educational poverty in the rural society.

this fundamental research aimed at explaining the status of development in rural areas of Dashti county in Bushehr province of Iran. It was a descriptive-analytical research and the data gathering was conducted in a documentary method according to the data statistics of 2011 for Bushehr province from which 59 indexes in different dimensions were extracted; and the level of development for each sub-district of the county was categorized in quantitative methods، using Fuzzy Topsis and SPSS. In addition to outlining the unbalanced aspect of the development in these rural areas، the study findings indicated a deep regional split in the Dashti county، so that the process of distribution of and access to resources in seven sub-districts of Dashti county indicated that the sub-districts of Khormoj and Kebgan had the highest rates of development and Shanbeh، Choghabour and Central sub-districts were among the most deprived rural areas. The evidence also indicated that the sub-districts of Tesouj with 0. 379 and Kaki with 0. 359 rates were at the mean level of rural development. As shown by the study results، the balanced development of rural areas in the Dashti county requires revision in the allocation of resources and facilities، equitable distribution of opportunities and enhanced quality of services in remote areas through land use planning.

This study tried to assess the views of local authorities and members of the Islamic Rural Council as well as rural people regarding the services of the Rural Assistance Office (RAO) [dehyari] cooperatives. Research area included rural settlements of Dashtesar sub-district، Amol county of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytical and in terms of the nature and objectives، this was an applied research. Documentary and field procedures were used for data collection as well as interviews and questionnaires. For data analysis، chi-square tests and one sample T were carried out. The sample included local managers and members of the Counci. The samples were selected based on population and the distance to urban settlements and road networks; and so، the total sample consisted of nine managers، 18 council members and 135 rural residents. The findings showed that RAO cooperatives failed to accelerate and improve the quality of services and gain satisfaction of the people. Of course، they had a positive impact on increasing income and earnings of the Rural Assistance Office. As the basis for promoting the spirit of cooperation and institutionalizing the collective savings، certain mechanisms such as transfer of some development projects and executive agencies and cooperatives، providing long-term low-interest loans and tax breaks can be pursued to strengthen this institution and thus، increase the its power of services.

Over the past half century، many rural areas of Iran have been exposed to unstable discharge multitude of rural population decline and increased number of deserted villages for various reasons including economic factors. This study examined the impact of economic factors on rural settlements instability in 8 villages، out of 81 villages of Damavand county، which were selected by stratified random sampling. It was an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical survey method by field work. The study population included 875 families living in rural areas and among them، 265 households were selected to complete the questionnaire. For data analysis، SPSS and one-sample T test، Pearson correlation and regression were used. The study results showed that the economic factors such as lack of employment، income، and lack of public and private investment in rural areas affected the instability of the region، and the development process faced serious challenges. The economic empowerment of rural areas can lead to sustainable rural habitations.

Due to various recent changes in rural economic structure of Chardavol county of Iran، this study aimed at reconstructing the conceptual consequences of the economic changes in the four villages on the road to Karbala. It examined people's understanding and perception of the requirements، interactions and implications of these changes through a qualitative grounded theory approach. Samples were purposive، selected in a snowball sampling method; thus، they include the rural people previously engaged in agriculture and now were active in livestock and beekeeping activities and service jobs. The samples were chosen to achieve theoretical saturation of the inhabitants of the studied villages. Finally، the study was conducted on 47 people. The collected data were coded within48 concepts، 7 major categories and one core category. The study results showed that the people in selected villages considered the consequences of economic changes as chang es in the function of village as well as increase in new jobs.