VILLAGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2018 | Volume:21 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:7

This study aimed at investigating the factors affecting the participation of rural people in the preparation process of Rural Guidance [Hadi] Plan in rural settlements. It was an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Library-survey research and field works were used for data collection. The population included 12 rural settlements in Dashtestan County of Iran, in which the participation of the rural prople in the implementation process of the plan had been remarkably significant. In the villages, based on Cochran formula, the sample size of the households interviewed included 257 households of which 136 households had participated in the plan. In addition, 28 people from the rural authorities (including rural administrators known as Dehyar and members of the Islamic Council) were also interviewed so that we could compare the results. Research results showed that based on single sample t-test, the participation level of the rural people in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the plan was moderate; in variable of ‘ success in implementation process’ , the housing dimension with the mean of 3. 33 was more successful and generally, among the studied villages, Chahar Borj and Talheh villages respectively had the lowest and highest means in this variable. Besides, the results of correlation and stepwise regression showed that the effects of the rural people’ s participation level on the success of the Rural Guidance Plan were significant.

This was a comparative study of the application of MADM techniques in measurement of rural development level in Hamadan province of Iran. To this end, 53 variables were defined in eight indicators of demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, services, institutional and economic. The weights of these indicators were determined by using AHP and Entropy methods and combining their results. Then, the development levels of subdistricts were measured by using TOPSIS, SAW and Numerical Taxonomy techniques. To compare the results of these techniques, coefficient of dispersion, mean percentage difference and sum of difference intensity were applied. Based on comparing the results of coefficient of dispersion, the Numerical Taxonomy technique was found to be an optimum method for ranking and the SAW and TOPSIS techniques less precisely ranked the rural areas. Comparing the mean percentage differences of the techniques showed that SAW and the Numerical Taxonomy had less percentage of variation compared to TOPSIS. Also, according to the sum of difference intensity, SAW technique had the lowest difference intensity compared to the other two.

This study aimed at evaluating the tendency to migrate to the city and investigating its effective factors in residents of Garizat rural district in Yazd province of Iran. It was conducted in a survey method and the statistical sample consisted of 343 residents aged 15-55 years old in this rural district selected by multi-stage sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The factors affecting the rural people’ s tendency to urban migration were classified in four factors including population, economic, social and repulsion of the village. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that disappointment of villages, rural economic repulsion, eye and mind, age, and mother education variables had the most effect on the tendency to migrate to the city, respectively. The study results showed that social and psychological factors played a more decisive role in the tendency to make immigration decisions than economic factors.

This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the rural women's entrepreneurial capabilities. The population of the study included 54 women entrepreneurs of villages in Behshahr County of Iran, who were selected by census method. The instrument used was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was reported 0. 892 (by Cronbach's alpha). In order to analyze the data, SPSS20 software was used. The results showed that there was a relationship between the policy, social-cultural, technical and economic factors and the entrepreneurship capabilities. The entrepreneurial capabilities in 33. 93 percent of the studied women were at good level and in 16. 07 percent of them were at weak level. The multiple regressions showed that policy and social-cultural factors could explain 22. 7 percent of variation of entrepreneurial capabilities.

Because of some problems and challenges in policy-making and planning of rural development, the national development programs of Iran have mainly failed in achieving their goals in the rural areas. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges of rural development policy-making and planning in Iran. These challenges were identified and analyzed in the form of inductive approach by using grounded theory approach. The participants consisted of all experts in rural development and planning area. The purposeful and snowball sampling methods were used to select 28 experts, based on theoretical saturation criterion. The results showed that the lack of development paradigm and theory led to the lack of integrity in rural policy-making and planning system, resulting in the reinforcement of one-dimensional, reductionist and incompatible attitudes and beliefs about rural areas as well as non-participatory approaches.

This study aimed to investigate the economic and social effects of consumption subsidy using quantitative approach in the population of rural people in Zanjan County of Iran. For this purpose, it used a cluster sampling method and the sample size of 270 was calculated using the Cochran formula. The research tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was assessed using a panel of experts, and its reliability was evaluated in a pilot study. The results of factor analysis showed that the significant dimensions contributing to economic effects of the targeted subsidies with respect to their importance included growing the incomes and the purchasing power, developing agricultural activities, and rising costs. The results regarding the social effects of the targeted subsidies showed that five dimensions with priority of psychological and social sense of security had significant and constructive contribution. Based on the results, it was suggested that consumption subsidy payments needed to be targeted toward vulnerable households. Likewise, in order to guide the consumption and establish its true culture, holding the training courses in person or through media was suggested.

This research aimed at arranging spatial settlements in Esfarayen County of Iran. It was an applied research using demographic leveling techniques, service leveling, scalogram and hierarchical analysis. The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The required information was collected in a library method by the instrument based on secondary data of North Khorasan province of Iran (Statistics of 2011), during which 40 components were extracted and placed in different dimensions. The analysis of findings showed that among the 40 components surveyed in 157 inhabited villages of the county, only access to elementary school, mosque, Islamic Council, Rural Assistant Officer [Dehyar], Health House and telecommunication office was acceptable, and there was a strong deprived access to other services. Eventually, to balance the space and the best service in the county (proportionate to the demographic system, the role and the position of each village), a hierarchical system was suggested and this county was divided into three rural towns, seven rural sets and thirty rural areas.