Virtual Water Trade of Cement Industry in Iran

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Darvishan Ehsan

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: ENVIRONMENT AND WATER ENGINEERING Year:2022 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 Page(s): 726-737

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Virtual Water Trade of Cement Industry in Iran

Author(s)

Darvishan Ehsan | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Cement industry

Import and Export

International Trade

Virtual Water

Abstract

Water is a natural source that in addition to being required for development aims, is necessary for survival. After agriculture, the industry is one of the main water consumers in Iran. One of the main water consumer industries is cement production. However, no study is still conducted on the virtual water trade in the cement industry in Iran. In this paper, the virtual water trade between Iran and 68 countries importing cement from Iran and 40 countries to which Iran has exported cement was investigated. The time period of the current research was from 2001 to 2018. The results showed that the virtual water export of cement was 15. 385 × 106 m3/yr. The total virtual water export of cement was calculated to be 276. 940 × 106 m3. Virtual water imports of cement are 0. 147 × 106 m3/yr. Iran is a net exporter of virtual water. For the production and export of cement in Iran, 70% blue water and 30% gray water are used.

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