Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation

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MAHMOODI A.; Jamaati Ghashti M.; Yavari G.R.; MEHRARA M.; YAZDANI S.

Title

Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation

Author(s)

Keywords

One and one-half bound (OOHD) approachQ2

Recreational valueQ1

Rudkhan castel forest parkQ1

Abstract

Introduction: The valuation of environmental resources and rural visitors is a turning point in the development of these regions and the acceleration of growth of villages enjoying these divine blessings. The tourism industry in rural areas, as a complementary approach and activity, can play an essential role in improving the quality of life of rural residents, the revitalization of villages and, ultimately, the sustainable development of rural areas. Hence, identifying and exploring the capabilities and limitations of tourism in rural settlements that are prone to this industry and their prioritization are of particular importance. The city of Fouman is one of the tourism hubs in Iran. The spectacular attractions of this city include the historic Masouleh, the historic castle of Rudkhan Castel, and the historic city of Fouman. There are also landscapes, plains, rivers and beautiful mountains in the city. The Rudkhan Castle is the oldest and most famous historical work of the city of Fouman, also called the castle of Hesami and also called Ghaleh-Salsal. It is considered to be the oldest and most expensive military fort in Gilan, and also Iran. Tourism is among the most important regions of Iran and the world (16). The historic fortress is located 25 km southwest of Fouman, in a village of the same name, over a hill in the forest at a geographical distance of 49 ° 21 'east longitude and 37 ° 07' north latitude. Materials and Methods: Using the Cooper technique (1993), the design of optimal bid amounts was performed assuming a certain statistical distribution using a computer program called DWEABS under the Gauss program. In this program, it is possible to use two symmetric distributions (normal and logistic) and two asymmetric distributions (the normal log and delta). In this study, pre-test data were used to estimate the Recreational value of Rudkhan castel forest park. To do this, by designing a questionnaire for socio-economic variables and an open-ended question, respondents were asked how much they would pay for every time they visited the forest park. For this purpose, 42 questionnaires as pretest level were completed. GaussLight16 software was used to design optimal bid amounts. In this study for determining the Total sample size, the Mitchell and Carson formula are applied and 222 visitors were chosen for interviewing on the Rudkhan castel forest park to find the recreation value. Results and Discussion: The Recreational value of Rudkhan castel forest park of the Fouman County in Gilan Province-Iran was estimated and the visitors' willingness to Pay (WTP) was measured by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and One and One Half Bound model (OOHB) dichotomous choice (DC) questionnaire. The results show that 85 percent of investigated individuals would pay for recreational usage of the Rudkhan castel forest park. Estimated WTP is 21230 IRR for each visitor in 2018. However, 15% of visitors of Rudkhan castel forest park, who are residents of the area and surrounding counties, are not eager to pay. Therefore the total annual Recreational value of this forest park is estimated at about 36091(in million IRR). The willingness to pay for the three groups of visitors is determined. These three groups included: Housewives, business, and government employees. The relationship between the amount of Bid and the willingness to pay is significant for the business and government employees at the level of 1% and for the housewives group at 5%, respectively. In other words, the amount of Bids for all groups has a strong and negative relationship with their desire to pay. In other words, as the Bid decreases, the demand for the park will increase. The willingness to pay for housewives is estimated at 19300 Rials. Therefore, it can be concluded that the government employees, more than the rest of the Visitors, need to have an outdoor in forest parks and pay more for their leisure than other groups to visit the forest park. The willingness to pay for business, housemaid and government employees are estimated at 19, 000, 19, 300, and 20, 900 Rials respectively, while 15% of the visitors are from residents of the region and the surrounding counties, and do not have any desire to pay. The relationship between willingness to pay and bid amount is negative and very significant. In housewives, the sensitivity between the Bid and the willingness to pay is twice the other groups. In other words, with a slight increase in the bid amount, the willingness to pay decreases further. The sensitivity to free businesses is lower. In other words, free occupations tend to be less sensitive to rising, but this sensitivity is much higher for homemakers. Employees are sensitive to the amount of the offer, between the other two groups. Conclusion: Managing the valuation of environmental resources and tourism sites, especially in natural forest park, are important to prevent the destruction and damage to these resources. It is also the basis for rural development and provides local residents with more facilities. The development of rural tourism is the basis for creating sustainable employment in rural areas and not only hinders the migration of villagers to urban areas, but also leads to the phenomenon of reverse migration from the city to the countryside. Therefore, in order to continue rural development and economic development of these areas, we need to maintain and improve the amenities and tourist attractions of these areas. Therefore it is recommended that revenues from the entrance of Rudkhan castel forest park to be spent and allocated to increase the amenities, set up sanitary services, create a market for local products and services, organize environmental protection programs, construct and repair rural access roads go to forest Park. Forest parks are considered to be the best places for recreation especially for the households. Therefore, management of Rudkhan castel forest park can play a significant role in attracting the visitors. The results of the study show that among the groups referring to the forest park, the highest willingness to pay is related to the employees' group, female housewives and business respectively. Employees need to have an outing in forest parks more than other groups and they are more likely to pay more for their leisure and recreation than others. Implications of the empirical study for policy makers and site managers to make more money and increase public welfare are provided.

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APA: Copy

MAHMOODI, A., Jamaati Ghashti, M., Yavari, G.R., MEHRARA, M., & YAZDANI, S.. (2019). Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT, 33(3 ), 313-327. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/142200/en

Vancouver: Copy

MAHMOODI A., Jamaati Ghashti M., Yavari G.R., MEHRARA M., YAZDANI S.. Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT[Internet]. 2019;33(3 ):313-327. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/142200/en

IEEE: Copy

A. MAHMOODI, M. Jamaati Ghashti, G.R. Yavari, M. MEHRARA, and S. YAZDANI, “Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation,” JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT, vol. 33, no. 3 , pp. 313–327, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/142200/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Estimating the Recreational Value of Rudkhan Castel Forest Park: Application of One and One-half Bound (OOHD) Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation