The Emergence Potential of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia felis as Zoonotic Agents Causing Ocular and Respiratory Infections in Humans and Animals

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Ghasemian A.; Pezeshki B.; Memariani M.; Mahmoodi Sh.; Kohansal M.; Rajabi Vardanjani H.

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE Year:2024 | Volume:79 | Issue:5 Page(s): 685-694

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Title

The Emergence Potential of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia felis as Zoonotic Agents Causing Ocular and Respiratory Infections in Humans and Animals

Author(s)

Keywords

Chlamydia psittaci

Chlamydia felis

Zoonoses

Eye infections

respiratory infections

Abstract

Members of the Chlamydiaceae are obligate Gram-negative intracellular pathogens causing panoply of infectious diseases. As a zoonotic pathogen, Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) has been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in both wild and domestic animals, particularly birds. In humans, C. psittaci generates influenza-like symptoms, pneumonia, endocarditis, fever, chills, myalgia and headache. Similar to other Chlamydia species, virulence factors of C. psittaci mainly involve Type III secretory system, type IV system effectors (TARP), CopN, HctA and HctB, OmcA, OmcB, OmpA, major outer membrane protein (MOMP), PorB and Euo. In particular, C. psittaci may predispose patients to other respiratory pathogens. Direct contact and inhalation of contaminated air droplets from birds is a risk factor of infection transmission. Other risk factors are pregnancy, dense population, intensive agriculture, bird litter, and close contact with cats and dogs. Therefore, more care should be taken concerning close contact with these pet animals. Fortunately, these infections have been treated more effectively thanks to the development of novel drug delivery systems over the past decades. Considering highly contagious potential of C. psittaci and C. felis alongside wide host range and available risk factors, proper control strategies are essential to prevent their dissemination.

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