A SURVEY ON SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN IRANIAN ANCIENT MOSQUES

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GOLESTANI SAEID; HOJAT EISA; SAEDVANDI MEHDI

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Journal: Honarhaye Ziba- Honarhaye Memari va SHahrsazi Year:2018 | Volume:22 | Issue:4 Page(s): 29-44

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Title

A SURVEY ON SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN IRANIAN ANCIENT MOSQUES

Author(s)

GOLESTANI SAEID | HOJAT EISA | SAEDVANDI MEHDI | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

SPATIAL INTEGRATIONQ1

TRANSPARENCYQ2

EXPANSIONQ1

CONTINUITYQ2

IRANIAN MOSQUEQ2

Abstract

the genesis and development of IRANIAN MOSQUEs during the history, is an ideal context to study the process of spatial changes in Iranian architecture. The turning point of the IRANIAN MOSQUE progress is the transforming of simple Arabic Mosques to Four-Iwan mosque in the Seljuk dynasty era at the first of the 11th century. After the time, Iranian architects, focused on refinement and development of IRANIAN MOSQUE type. Through their innovation, they succeeded to achieve a diverse and integrated spatial system. While reviewing some studies on spatial features of Iranian traditional architecture we frequently face with some special terms such as TRANSPARENCY, EXPANSION, fluidity, CONTINUITY and legerity. These terms seem to be mostly overlapped in concept, which itself cause to misunderstand the differences. In the article after reviewing existing theories about spatial features of Iranian traditional architecture, through application of logical reasoning strategy, we concluded that all the terms can be organized under a pervasive concept which called as “SPATIAL INTEGRATION” in this paper. In the research to achieve a better perception of the Iranian architects approach to organize the space, first of all, we tried to organize and explain the concepts of the mentioned terms. Then, the terms were examined through analyzing a number of Iranian ancient mosques using analytic tools. The incorporation of Iwan and Dome into the simple Arabic mosques, in 11th century, led to the rupture of the open space of Prayer hall, it also led to some functional conflicts for the prayers. The results obtained of this study showed that after the transition, architects to resolve the problems constantly follow the concept of SPATIAL INTEGRATION. It shall be divided to three main derivatives, visual integration, structural integration and visual-structural integration. The article can be summarized into four main points: 1- Visual Integration (Spatial TRANSPARENCY): Wide view between prayers is an important point in the organization of mosque; hence during the history some spaces like Dome and Prayer hall combine to each other more than before, through fading the mass around the spaces. It caused to developing of visual connections between spaces. 2- Structural integration (Spatial CONTINUITY): In the 11th century, entering the Dome and Iwan to the mosque, helped the architects to create more diverse space in comparison with the past. But this evolution broke the unity of mosque space and made some functional conflicts. After the change, architects while preserving Four-Iwan type of mosque, tried to increase the SPATIAL INTEGRATION. It can be defined to gradual conversion of a space to another space or walking inside the spaces without facing any barrier. 3-Visual-structural integration (Expansion): During the Qajar dynasty, retreating of walls and creating new spaces around a spatial core, caused to full fading of spatial borders and maximum combination of two spaces such as Sepahsalar mosque in Tehran. 4- Despite of some viewpoints, the progress of Iranian traditional architecture never stopped in the different historical periods and spatial creativity during the Qajar period, at the end of tradition, situated in a higher level compared to the past.

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APA: Copy

GOLESTANI, SAEID, HOJAT, EISA, & SAEDVANDI, MEHDI. (2018). A SURVEY ON SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN IRANIAN ANCIENT MOSQUES. MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI (HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA ), 22(4 ), 29-44. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/154424/en

Vancouver: Copy

GOLESTANI SAEID, HOJAT EISA, SAEDVANDI MEHDI. A SURVEY ON SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN IRANIAN ANCIENT MOSQUES. MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI (HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA )[Internet]. 2018;22(4 ):29-44. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/154424/en

IEEE: Copy

SAEID GOLESTANI, EISA HOJAT, and MEHDI SAEDVANDI, “A SURVEY ON SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN IRANIAN ANCIENT MOSQUES,” MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI (HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA ), vol. 22, no. 4 , pp. 29–44, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/154424/en

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