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Information Journal Paper

Title

EVALUATING BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTED ON LIQUEFIED SAND USING PHYSICAL MODELING

Pages

  27-36

Abstract

 Bearing capacity failure and seismically-induced SETTLEMENT of buildings resting on liquefied soils have resulted in significant damage in recent earthquakes. Majority of engineers still estimate seismic building SETTLEMENT using procedures developed to calculate post-liquefaction reconsolidation SETTLEMENT in the free-field. Previous studies of this problem have identified important factors involving shaking intensity, the liquefied soil’s relative density and thickness, and building's weight and width. Recent studies have also showed that shear deformation combined with localized volumetric strains during partially drained loading are dominant mechanisms. BEARING CAPACITY degradation due to high excess pore water pressure development has also been reported in previous studies.In this study, two series of PHYSICAL MODELLING experiments involving square and strip footings rested on saturated sand have been performed to identify the mechanisms involved in LIQUEFACTION-induced building SETTLEMENTs and BEARING CAPACITY degradation. The experiments have performed on Babolsar sand with moderate relative density in a box with transparent sides. Although earthquake waves can cause pore water pressure build up in saturated sands, complete LIQUEFACTION always do not occur. Anyhow, excess pore water pressure generation can cause damages to structures by BEARING CAPACITY degradation and excessive SETTLEMENTs. Various constant pore water pressure ratios were generated by static seepage through the base of the box to assess BEARING CAPACITY degradation and excessive SETTLEMENTs before and during complete LIQUEFACTION conditions. Constant pore water pressure ratio is representative of excess pore water pressure ratio generated during and sustained after earthquake excitation. First series of the experiments involved eight tests to evaluate BEARING CAPACITY of square and strip foundation in constant pore water pressure conditions. The results showed BEARING CAPACITY reduction due to excess pore water pressure development, but there was remarkable strength even during complete LIQUEFACTION that is related to post-liquefaction strength of liquefied sand. The square foundations are more affected than the strip ones at different constant excess pore water pressure ratios. Pore water pressure under the centerline of foundation decreased with loading increscent because of particle rearrangement and it was always smaller than the applied excess pore water pressure. Complete LIQUEFACTION has never observed under the footings. Safety factor selection is a challenging step in SHALLOW FOUNDATION designs for most of engineers because of economical aspects. Recent studies show the important role of shear deformations in SHALLOW FOUNDATIONs as discussed before. In the second test series of this experimental study, the foundations were loaded in three stages. first, initial loading was applied up to some safety factors and then SETTLEMENTs due to constant pore water pressure build up were measured in the second stage. Since then, loading was increased to complete BEARING CAPACITY failure in the third stage. This series include twelve tests for two types of foundations and various excess pore water pressures. Only shear deformations were assessed in these series because there was no volumetric deformation as excess pore water pressure was constant during the tests. The results demonstrate increase of foundation SETTLEMENTs with safety factor reduction progressively and SETTLEMENTs for safety factors larger than two were negligible.

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    APA: Copy

    JAFARIAN, Y., HADDAD, A., MEHRZAD SELAKJANI, B., & VARASTE, M.. (2016). EVALUATING BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTED ON LIQUEFIED SAND USING PHYSICAL MODELING. MODARES CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 16(3), 27-36. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/256677/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    JAFARIAN Y., HADDAD A., MEHRZAD SELAKJANI B., VARASTE M.. EVALUATING BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTED ON LIQUEFIED SAND USING PHYSICAL MODELING. MODARES CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL[Internet]. 2016;16(3):27-36. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/256677/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Y. JAFARIAN, A. HADDAD, B. MEHRZAD SELAKJANI, and M. VARASTE, “EVALUATING BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTED ON LIQUEFIED SAND USING PHYSICAL MODELING,” MODARES CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 27–36, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/256677/en

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