The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper

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ZARE ABYANEH H.; HEIDARI F.; HEIDARI G.R.; Jovzi M.

Title

The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper

Author(s)

ZARE ABYANEH H. | HEIDARI F. | HEIDARI G.R. | Jovzi M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Fruit yieldQ1

GreenhouseQ2

RootQ1

ShootQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Water scarcity and its limitation are the main limiting factor for irrigated agriculture. One of the ways to maintain moisture in the soil is to use super-absorbent materials and plant Greenhouse crops. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow and green. The plants need water and fertilizer for optimal growth and yield. Drought can reduce the average yield by up to 50% and more. Super absorbents are hydrophilic modifying substances that can release water and nutrients absorbed for the plant, manage irrigation water and increase water use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of interactions between different levels of superabsorbent, water and fertilizer varieties on yield, water use efficiency and some growth factors of bell peppers. Materials and Methods: This Greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Kamyaran Technical Center (Kurdistan) in summer and autumn of 2013 on pots. In this Greenhouse experiment, the effects of three levels of zero (A0), three (A1) and five gram (A2) aquasorb super absorbent per kg of soil, three levels of 70 (W1), 85 (W2) and 100 (W3) percent of irrigation requirements and two levels of 75 (F1) and 100 (F2) percent of nitrogen fertilizer requirements were studied on some traits of bell pepper plant. The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. The fertilizer requirements were measured using a soil analysis method. Urea fertilizer, super-phosphate and potassium sulfate were used 350, 144 and 200 kg/ha, respectively. Urea fertilizer was given to the pots at the time of application of irrigation treatments, along with irrigation water and super-phosphate fertilizers and potassium sulfate during soil preparation. Irrigation treatments were applied after fourth week of planting. The water requirements of the pots were carried out on a volumetric and daily scale based on measurements from a micro lysimeter located inside the Greenhouse. The amount of water consumed during the growth period was 1658 mm in 100% water requirement and 1409 and 1161 mm in the treatment of 85 and 70% water requirement respectively. After harvesting, the fresh and dry weight of the Shoot and Root, stem length and diameter, fruit weight, irrigation water, and water use efficiency were determined in each of the treatments. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS software and a comparison of the mean simple effects and interactions of different levels of treatments in two separate tables. Results and Discussion: The results showed a significant effect of superabsorbent and irrigation treatments on all components except stem diameter. Among the superabsorbent treatments, the highest Fruit yields (666. 2 g) and water use efficiency (12. 36 kg/m3) were obtained in A2 treatment. The reason for the highest yields and other growth factors of A2 treatment was access to the greater water storage by the superabsorbent and its proper vegetative growth compared to the other two levels. Among the irrigation treatments, the highest values of the mentioned functions were obtained in the W3 and W1 treatments with 621. 81 g and 10. 57 Kg/m3 respectively. The results showed that as deficit irrigation increasing while reducing the amount of irrigation water and nonsignificant yield in the W1 treatment, water use efficiency was increased in this treatment compared to other irrigation treatments. The effect of fertilizer treatments on Shoot weight, Root and Fruit yield was significant. The highest Fruit yield was 638. 70 g in F2 treatment. The interaction of irrigation and superabsorbent on fresh and dry weight of Shoot and Root, Fruit yield, and water use efficiency was significant. The highest Fruit yields (916. 65g) and water use efficiency (14. 55 kg/m3) were observed in A2W3 treatment. The interaction effects of superabsorbent and fertilizer showed that the highest yield and water use efficiency were equal to 670. 51 grams and 12. 44 kg / m3 in A2F2 treatment. The interactions of water and fertilizer showed that the highest yield and water use efficiency were 625. 59 g in W3F2 and 12. 32 kg/m3 in W1F2 treatment. The interaction of three superabsorbent, water and fertilizer variables on all studied traits was not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that super absorbent has a positive and significant effect on improving water use efficiency and saving this valuable and limited source. The results showed that the highest water use efficiency with 14. 55 kg/m3 was obtained in A2W3 treatment. The difference in water use efficiency between two A2W3 and A2W1 treatments was not significant; therefore, using 0. 5% superabsorbent in the soil by maintaining maximum water use efficiency can save 30% of irrigation water. In this study, the interaction of the super-absorbent and nitrogen fertilizer treatments showed that the highest fruit weight and water use efficiency belonged to the A2F2 treatment, while there was no significant difference between the Fruit yield and water use efficiency in A2F2 and A2F1 treatments. Therefore, using 0. 5% superabsorbent in soil by maintaining maximum Fruit yield, water use efficiency can save 25% of nitrogen fertilizer.

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APA: Copy

ZARE ABYANEH, H., HEIDARI, F., HEIDARI, G.R., & Jovzi, M.. (2019). The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), 33(3 ), 463-476. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/361848/en

Vancouver: Copy

ZARE ABYANEH H., HEIDARI F., HEIDARI G.R., Jovzi M.. The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY)[Internet]. 2019;33(3 ):463-476. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/361848/en

IEEE: Copy

H. ZARE ABYANEH, F. HEIDARI, G.R. HEIDARI, and M. Jovzi, “The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), vol. 33, no. 3 , pp. 463–476, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/361848/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

The Effects of Different Levels of Superabsorbent, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Bell Pepper