Effect of Biochar layer on Break Through curve in porous media and nitrate distribution profile

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YAGHOUBI M.; TABATABAEI S.H.; Reisi T.; Shadnia R.

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Journal: IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 (35) Page(s): 159-170

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Title

Effect of Biochar layer on Break Through curve in porous media and nitrate distribution profile

Author(s)

YAGHOUBI M. | TABATABAEI S.H. | Reisi T. | Shadnia R. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

BiocharQ1

Biochar absorption isotherm coefficientQ1

Dispersivity coefficientQ2

HYDRUS-1DQ1

NitrateQ1

Abstract

Among the different methods of removing Nitrate from water, the adsorption process is the most appropriate way for purification and improvement of the quality of irrigation water contaminated with Nitrate, due to of the easy implementation, design simplicity and economic considerations. In addition to economic losses caused by further utilization of Nitrate fertilizers, Nitrate leaching from agricultural lands imposes irreparable damages to the environment. Moreover, an important concern that the farmers deal with is how to manage the huge plant residues produced in the country. Therefore, converting low-cost agricultural residues into valuable organic reformed by the use of low-cost methods has attracted a significant attention. According to the above mentioned, the importance of finding suitable methods for the decrease of Nitrate leaching from the soil and removing Nitrate from contaminated water becomes obvious. To meet this purpose, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of using Biochar layer on the absorption of Nitrate from groundwater, as well as the effect of changes of Dispersivity coefficient and absorption isotherm coefficient on the Nitrate break through curve (BTC) and Nitrate distribution profile. This study was conducted using two main treatments including soil bed without Biochar (control) and soil bed with a Biochar sandwich layer of 11 cm thick, by the use of HYDRUS-1D software. Sub-treatments were also consisted of three levels of Dispersivity coefficient (0, + 50%,-50%) and three levels of Biochar absorption isotherm coefficient (0, +50%,-50%). Considering the increase and decrease changes of Biochar Dispersivity coefficient and absorption isotherm coefficient, the simulated concentration values at different times and depths as well as the BTC changes at the specific points of observation and changes in the Nitrate distribution profile were additionally studied. By transferring the model output to Excel and converting the time values to the pore volume, the BTC changes at different observation points and changes in the Nitrate distribution profile were finally compared. The comparison of the different levels of Dispersivity coefficient in layered soil and non-Biochar soil showed that the layered soil with a Biochar layer decreases the BTC peak and causes the BTC moves to the right side, which means the later and less exhaust of solutes from the soil bed. In addition, the Nitrate distribution changes in the depths of the soil indicate the ability of Biochar layer for absorption of Nitrate. The comparison of control treatment with all levels of Dispersivity coefficient showed that the Biochar layer with contaminated absorption has significantly reduced the output contaminated concentration at all observation points. Furthermore the Nitrate BTC in all depths moves to the right side and the output pollutant mass in each point is reduced with respect to the previous point. The comparison of changes in the-50% and +50% levels of adsorption isotherm coefficients with non-Biochar soil showed that increasing the value of adsorption isotherm coefficients causes the Nitrate BTC moves further to the right side and also the rate of output Nitrate concentration decreases compared with the control treatment. The existence of Biochar layer increases the transfer and distribution times of pollutants to the depths of the soil. The results in this study revealed that increasing the value of Biochar adsorption isotherm decreases the output Nitrate concentration and causes the Nitrate BTC moves to the right side (Retardation). The results also showed that the increase of the Biochar Dispersivity coefficient decreases the reduction rate of output Nitrate concentration and causes Nitrate BTC moves to the left side. A comparison of the zero level of treatment with Biochar and the control treatment (non-Biochar) indicated the trapping of pollutants in the Biochar-soil environment and the reducing of the output contaminants in all observation points. Additionally by the results, the presence of the Biochar layer can decrease the content of Nitrate distributed at the end of the column by about 61%. Furthermore, the transfer velocity of pollutants into the soil depth decreased with the increase of the Biochar absorption and decrease of Dispersivity coefficient, which means the later and less exit of solutes from the soil column when the Biochar layer is used. The results of momentum analysis showed that the value of output pollutant mass from the column in the case of non-Biochar is 15. 36 (mg/cm3×h); While, in the case of using Biochar is 13. 78 (mg/cm3×h), which indicates a 10. 3% reduction of output pollutant from the column. In all treatments, this reduction was lower than that for the control treatment, meaning that Biochar can absorb contaminants (in all conditions) from the aquatic environment and reduce the contaminant percolation to the soil depths.

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APA: Copy

YAGHOUBI, M., TABATABAEI, S.H., Reisi, T., & Shadnia, R.. (2020). Effect of Biochar layer on Break Through curve in porous media and nitrate distribution profile. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, 13(4 (35) ), 159-170. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/370532/en

Vancouver: Copy

YAGHOUBI M., TABATABAEI S.H., Reisi T., Shadnia R.. Effect of Biochar layer on Break Through curve in porous media and nitrate distribution profile. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL[Internet]. 2020;13(4 (35) ):159-170. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/370532/en

IEEE: Copy

M. YAGHOUBI, S.H. TABATABAEI, T. Reisi, and R. Shadnia, “Effect of Biochar layer on Break Through curve in porous media and nitrate distribution profile,” IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 4 (35) , pp. 159–170, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/370532/en

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