Simultaneous efficiency of phytoremediation and bioremediation in removing crude oil from soil

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Koohkan H.; GOLCHIN A.; MORTAZAVI M.S.; SHAHRYARI F.; HEMATI R.

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Journal: Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Year:2020 | Volume:27 | Issue:2 Page(s): 25-45

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Title

Simultaneous efficiency of phytoremediation and bioremediation in removing crude oil from soil

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Keywords

BioremediationQ1

CholorophyllQ2

Crude oil pollutionQ1

PhytoremediationQ2

ProlineQ2

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Petroleum products are one of the most widely used chemicals in the modern world. Petroleum hydrocarbons have become a global problem for the environment. These compounds are highly resistant to the environment and are harmful to human health. Application of Bioremediation process to remove polyaromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils is one of the most economical and desirable options. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the percentage of hydrocarbon removal from soil polluted with hydrocarbons (crud oil) by sorghum, barely and bermudagrass with and wihout Psudomonas putida and Azosprillum brasilense. Materials and Methods: In this study, simultaneous efficiency of Phytoremediation and Bioremediation in removal of crude oil from soil was investigated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels of soil contamination with oil (0, 4 and 8% oil), four herbal treatments (no plant, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), sorghum (bicolor Sorghum) and barely (Hordeum vulgare() and three bacterial treatments (no bacteria, Psudomonas putida and Azosprillum brasilense). To do the experiment, samples of five kg soil samples were contaminated with different amounts of crude oil and poured into plastic pots. After six weeks to reach the equilibrium of contaminated soils, these soils were inoculated with Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium brasilense bacteria, then in polluted soils of inoculated with bacteria and no inoculated three gramineae species were planted. Ninty days after planting, plants were harvested. Results: The results showed that interaction effects of treatments on the percentage of crude oil removal were significant at 1% probability level. Percentage of crude oil removal was significantly increased by plant cultivation alone, bacterial inoculation alone, and combined plant and bacterial application. Cultivation of plants was more effective than soil inoculation with bacteria in reducing the concentration of oil and plant increased bacteria function significantly so that, there were significant difference among treatments of plant alone, inoculation with bacteria alone and plant + bacteria. The highest removal percentage was observed in combined application of plant and bacteria. In each treatment with soil inoculation with bacteria, with increasing levels of oil pollution, dry weight of plants decreased but, at each level of Crude oil pollution, inoculation of soil with bacteria, the dry weight of shoot increased. Soil inoculation with bacteria improved dry weight of shoot through removal of oil pollution in soil. Chlorophyll concentration decreased significantly with increasing level of contamination. While, inoculating the soil with bacteria and reducing the negative effects of oil contamination and nitrogen availability on the plant, chlorophyll concentration in fresh leaves increased. With increasing levels of oil pollution, the mean Proline concentration in fresh leaves of plants was significantly higher than that of control. Its highest concentration (in each plant) was obtained at 8% of Crude oil pollution. Inoculation of soil with bacteria in polluted soils and non-polluted soils increases the amount of Proline in the leaves of plants. In each level of Crude oil pollution, inoculation of soil with bacteria, the Proline concentration of leaf of plants increased. The highest concentration of Proline was measured in the treatment of the highest oil pollution level (8% Crude oil pollution) and inoculation with Pseudomonas putida. Conclusion: Establishment of plant with microorganisms can be considered as a key component of the strategy to remove hydrocarbons. Consequently, these bacterial and plant species can be used for the biodegradation of soils contaminated with crude oil.

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APA: Copy

Koohkan, H., GOLCHIN, A., MORTAZAVI, M.S., SHAHRYARI, F., & HEMATI, R.. (2020). Simultaneous efficiency of phytoremediation and bioremediation in removing crude oil from soil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES), 27(2 ), 25-45. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/375950/en

Vancouver: Copy

Koohkan H., GOLCHIN A., MORTAZAVI M.S., SHAHRYARI F., HEMATI R.. Simultaneous efficiency of phytoremediation and bioremediation in removing crude oil from soil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES)[Internet]. 2020;27(2 ):25-45. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/375950/en

IEEE: Copy

H. Koohkan, A. GOLCHIN, M.S. MORTAZAVI, F. SHAHRYARI, and R. HEMATI, “Simultaneous efficiency of phytoremediation and bioremediation in removing crude oil from soil,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES), vol. 27, no. 2 , pp. 25–45, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/375950/en

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