REVIEW ON URBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN IRAN FROM 1925 TO 1941 (CASE STUDY: YAZD)

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VAHDATZAD V.

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Journal: HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA Year:2007 | Volume:- | Issue:31 Page(s): 5-14

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Title

REVIEW ON URBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN IRAN FROM 1925 TO 1941 (CASE STUDY: YAZD)

Author(s)

VAHDATZAD V. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

PAHLAVI URBANISMQ3

YAZDQ3

URBAN LANGUAGEQ3

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONQ3

IMAGE OF THE CITYQ3

Abstract

Reza Khan's coup d'e¢tat in February 1921, was an end to the anarchy caused by the duality in the government body. Failure of the constitutional revolution led the Iranian Modernity movement to Pahlavi's centralized power in 1925. Inasmuch as this authoritarian modernity needed plan, regulations, financial sources and a powerful executive, the Pahlavi bureaucracy on one hand reinforced the municipality in 1922 as the only authority in charge of urban development. On the other hand the budget of urban plans was provided by law of tenement taxes legislated in 1930. The lack of experts was overcome via the establishment of an architectural school in 1929. Also Hundreds of students were sent to Europe for training. Regulations such as "The facade regulation" legislated in 1932 and "The street development law" in 1933 served as the legal basis for urban plans. Overall, the planed city as the symbol of monetization replaced the organic city which at that time represented a social lag. The new urbanism was theoretically supported by originality, ecologic approach, modernity and modernization. Each thought took advantage of a special ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION: Tehranism referring to the school of Tehran which had a more external approach in residential buildings. Although this style continued the mature form of vernacular architecture from Qajar dynasty; the hegemony of Tehran school inhibited any architectural accent to flourish. This actually put an end to local architecture in Iran introducing the modem style which took advantage of cubic and pure forms avoiding ornamentation. Ancient style influenced by - ' nationalistic attitudes which were intensified by archaeological research started from 1934 was another architectural approach at that time. Finally Europe's 19th century classicism tried to unify the new streets and squares by symmetry, modules, motifs and colonnades. This urbanism used a new language to communicate; therefore, the urban vocabulary redefined words such as street, square, school, trade center, hospital, bank, factory, national park and even urban equipment. In addition a new grammar rearranged these concepts. The first principle of this grammar is the cross roads which splits the old urban structure. The second is the 19th century pattern of Europe mostly implicated by architects graduated from Europe. Grid development is the third principle which was the natural result of developing the cross roads. Zoning as the last principle was influenced by the international style. Consequently the public as the reader of new urban texts formed a different mental study of the city demonstrating a severe change in to the IMAGE OF THE CITY in Pahlavi dynasty. This image in YAZD presents factories and the main prison as new landmarks while the religious elements had lost their past position as main landmarks. In the previous image the main element of Iranian city was the neighborhood.These districts were replaced with blocks surrounded by straight endless streets. Naturally paths became the significant element in the new city image. The reductive urban approach transformed the multifunctional nodes into traffic squares. Finally, the defensive wall and the ditch around it which had grave position in the previous image as the edge of the city were gradually destroyed.

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References

RESEARCH ON THE PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION OF RABAE' RASHIDI

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APA: Copy

VAHDATZAD, V.. (2007). REVIEW ON URBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN IRAN FROM 1925 TO 1941 (CASE STUDY: YAZD). HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, -(31), 5-14. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/5652/en

Vancouver: Copy

VAHDATZAD V.. REVIEW ON URBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN IRAN FROM 1925 TO 1941 (CASE STUDY: YAZD). HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA[Internet]. 2007;-(31):5-14. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/5652/en

IEEE: Copy

V. VAHDATZAD, “REVIEW ON URBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN IRAN FROM 1925 TO 1941 (CASE STUDY: YAZD),” HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, vol. -, no. 31, pp. 5–14, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/5652/en

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