BIOCENOTIC POTENTIALS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IPM IN ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

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SHOJAEI M.; OSTOVAN HADI; HOSSEINI M.; SADIGHFAR M.; KHODAMAN A.; LABBAFI Y.; NASR ELAHI A.; GHAVAM F.; HONARBAKHSH S.

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Journal: Year:2002 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 Page(s): 1-28

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Title

BIOCENOTIC POTENTIALS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IPM IN ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

Author(s)

Keywords

ORGANIC CROPQ4

APPLEQ2

IPMQ3

Abstract

In modern agriculture, the first step in organic production, is the elimination of chemical residues. In this hio-management system, the substitution of agrochemicals (eg: pesticides, plant hormones, chemical fertilizers, etc.) was based on the use of biological agents and soil organic matters, that are considered as majer principles and the basic method.The agricultural management of organic system consist on, of not using any kind of chemical materials in: farms, fruit orchards, especially on APPLE tress. For this reason, in organic plant protection programmers, the first step was to avoid the use of pesticids.The cultivation of APPLE orchards in Iranian plateau, which possess different climatic regions and elevations, is well developed. Accordingly APPLE trees show much adaptation to such variations. Therefore the fauna of APPLE pests and their natural enemies show a great biodiversity, and they also occure on other Pomoidea. (pear, quince) and Prunoidea (plum, peach, ...).Such bioecological adaptation and biodiversity are important factors in biocenotic potentiality of APPLE orchards, especially in late maturing varieties of APPLE (Red and Golden delicious), and it has created rich community of natural enemies in our IPM programmers. The bioregional relationship of APPLE orchards fauna in different parts of Iranian plateau (Khorassan, Azerbayjan, H'), provided us the basic element in our research project to develop an IPM programms for organic production strategy by eliminating the use of agrochemicals. For this purpose we included both applied as classic and natural biological control to deal with the following important and cosmopolitan pests:-Cydia pomonella (L) (Lep. Tortricidae, Olethreutinae)(Synonyms: Carpocapsa =Laspeyresia)-Leucoptera scitella (Zell) (Lep. Lyonetiidae)- Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) (Horn. Aphididae)- Aphis pomi DeG. (Horn. Aphididae)- Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Aea. ri Tetranychidae)- Podosphaera leucotricha Salmon (Erysiphaceae- Ascomycetaceae)In the text of the above IPM programme for controling Cydia pomonella, in its different developpemental stages, such as: egg. larva, adult, and at the 2-4 annual generations, the following methods and materials were used:- Inundative release of Trichogramma spp. - Other biotic agents (Carpovirusine and Sex pheromon traps ...)- Mechanical method by installing belt trap on tree trunks.In this integrated control, to reduce the population density of codling moth, the level of economic damage was lowered to the range of 0.8 to 12.07%.In monitoring the population growth rate of other potential pests (European red-mite, leaf mining moth, aphids, ...) we provided support for their parasitoids and predators by protecting green coverage under trees, regular Irrigation. Practicing winter oil spray, and if necessary, at the time of growth, in spring, and even during the summer time, and excluding chemical pesticides use.Referring to IPM in APPLE orchards, and their faunistic studies in different regions of Iranian plateau, during 1990 -99 researches were carried out on the following key species parasitoids and predators in our IPM programmers:- Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig. (Hym. Trichogrammatidae)- Tetrastichus amaethystinus Ratz. (Hym. Eulophidae)- Lasiopticus pyrastri L., Epistrophe balteata, ... (Dip, Syrphidae)- Chrysoperla carnea Steph., Chrysopaseptempunctata, (Neur. Chrysopidae)- Oriou.'Ihorvathi (Reuter), O.bulgaconus, ... (Het. Anthocoridae)-Harmonia congfubata, Stethorus punctillum Weise (Col. Coccinellidae)-AeolothripsintermediusBagnall. (Thys.Aelothripidae)In conclusion: The biocenotic potential of APPLE orchards in Iranian plateau, and thecosmopolitan aspect of mentioned species, provide an opportunity to develop IPM programme, for production of organic APPLE in national level.

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APA: Copy

SHOJAEI, M., OSTOVAN, HADI, HOSSEINI, M., SADIGHFAR, M., KHODAMAN, A., LABBAFI, Y., NASR ELAHI, A., GHAVAM, F., & HONARBAKHSH, S.. (2002). BIOCENOTIC POTENTIALS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IPM IN ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION PROGRAMME. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 8(1), 1-28. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/7530/en

Vancouver: Copy

SHOJAEI M., OSTOVAN HADI, HOSSEINI M., SADIGHFAR M., KHODAMAN A., LABBAFI Y., NASR ELAHI A., GHAVAM F., HONARBAKHSH S.. BIOCENOTIC POTENTIALS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IPM IN ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION PROGRAMME. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES[Internet]. 2002;8(1):1-28. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/7530/en

IEEE: Copy

M. SHOJAEI, HADI OSTOVAN, M. HOSSEINI, M. SADIGHFAR, A. KHODAMAN, Y. LABBAFI, A. NASR ELAHI, F. GHAVAM, and S. HONARBAKHSH, “BIOCENOTIC POTENTIALS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IPM IN ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION PROGRAMME,” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–28, 2002, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/7530/en

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