Stiffeners (Khashkhā shi) in the Design of Iranian Detached Double-Shell Onion Domes: Rethinking the Definition based on the Study of Structural Form

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SAFAEIPOUR HADI

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Soffeh Year:2022 | Volume:32 | Issue:96 Page(s): 115-130

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Stiffeners (Khashkhā shi) in the Design of Iranian Detached Double-Shell Onion Domes: Rethinking the Definition based on the Study of Structural Form

Author(s)

SAFAEIPOUR HADI | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Khashkhāshi

Detached double-shell dome

Structural form

Historical structures

Iranian architecture

Abstract

One of the most innovative structural technologies in Iranian Islamic architecture is the detached double-shell onion dome consisting of the outer shell, inner shell, drum, and usually stiffeners. Stiffeners, called khashkhā shi in Persian, are brick structural elements constructed between the two shells. Design varieties, complicated constructional features, and the inaccessibility of the space between the two shells, have hindered a comprehensive study and documentation of these elements. This, together with the lack of a comprehensive definition in the literature, has directed the aim of this article towards understanding the essence and the structural role of this unique element by surveying an extensive range of structural forms of kashkhā shi’ s, eight of which chosen here to represent the distinct designs and groupings of these elements. Required data is collected through surveys and direct observations of selected examples, the archival study of their historical and restoration documents, and examining the limited secondary scholarship. The dimensions, numbers, profile shapes, and locations of this selection are then compared using descriptive-analytical methods, descriptive-classification techniques, and three-dimensional modellings of samples. A comprehensive and grounded definition for the khashkhā shi is proposed as a result. Consequently, these elements are classified under three groups: Those comprised of relatively thin and short walls located within the swelling part of the outer shell, representing a minimal design approach. This group stiffens the outer shell against deformation and bending through increasing its thickness; Those extending along the profile of the outer shell to improve its bending resistance; The horizontal extension of the first group, containing thin and tall walls of khashkhā shi playing three distinct functional roles: increasing the bending stiffness of the outer-shell, reducing the drum's buckling, and improving the bending stiffness of the inner-shell.

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APA: Copy

SAFAEIPOUR, HADI. (2022). Stiffeners (Khashkhā shi) in the Design of Iranian Detached Double-Shell Onion Domes: Rethinking the Definition based on the Study of Structural Form. SOFFEH, 32(96 ), 115-130. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/952458/en

Vancouver: Copy

SAFAEIPOUR HADI. Stiffeners (Khashkhā shi) in the Design of Iranian Detached Double-Shell Onion Domes: Rethinking the Definition based on the Study of Structural Form. SOFFEH[Internet]. 2022;32(96 ):115-130. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/952458/en

IEEE: Copy

HADI SAFAEIPOUR, “Stiffeners (Khashkhā shi) in the Design of Iranian Detached Double-Shell Onion Domes: Rethinking the Definition based on the Study of Structural Form,” SOFFEH, vol. 32, no. 96 , pp. 115–130, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/952458/en

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