Theories of translation are either reductionist or holistic. While reductionist theories only cover some specific areas, holistic theories cover all kinds of translations. Skopos theory is one of the holistic theories of translation. This study explores this theory and some of its aspects. At first, we examine the status of translation and translational action from Jean-Rene Ladmiral perspective. Then we investigate some theorists' views on Skopos theory and we see which characteristics of translation are important in their views.

The Baghdad translation school (Baker 2009) is considered as a turning point in the history of translation. The school is mainly characterized by adopting a scientific approach to and utilizing various strategies in translation practice، and by the variety of subjects translated. On the other hand، skopos theory which was first introduced by Hans Vermeer in the late 1970s is among the most important functional approaches to translation studies in which the skopos or the purpose of translation is the main criterion that determines the final product in the target text. Paying special attention to the readership in the strategies used by the translator and considering the demands of the ‘order’ placed by the translation agent as part of the process of a professional translation for the first time in the history of translation are some other distinct characteristics of skopos theory in the field of translation studies. The present research sought to study the Baghdad translation movement according to the aforementioned features of the skopos theory. The findings indicate clear manifestations of the basic characteristics of skopos theory in the Baghdad school.

Introduction: With the significant expansion of research, we are witnessing the discrediting of some scientific outputs in the field of medicine. This study endeavored to investigate the dimensions and patterns of cooperation of internationally discredited works in the field of medicine in the Scopus database. Methods: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of conducting research and data analysis, it is quantitative and has been done using bibliometric analysis method and scientometric approach and illustration techniques to draw scientific collaborations. The population is all the discredited medical works available from 2016 to the end of 2020 in the Scopus database which has been done using the network analysis method. Results: The findings showed that during the period, 480 works published in Scopus database were discredited. The Unites States, England, India, and China have the highest index of centrality, intimacy, and crosscontextuality. These countries play an important role in connecting nodes and transmitting information over the network. Conclusion: Discredited articles in the United States and England have high centrality indices, which indicates the greater influence and power of these countries, which, in turn, have a greater influence on other countries in the scientific network.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine various aspects of the field of "Game in Libraries" using a knowledge map. Methodology: This study is applied scientometrics research. The study population included 86 articles in the field of "Game in libraries and information literacy" that indexed in Scopus by the end of 2016. In this paper, we use Text mining analysis and social network analysis to draw a knowledge map of "Game in libraries". The overall structure of the network was investigated using metrics like density; metrics include degree centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector Centrality to visual representing of knowledge and determining the vacuum and density points of scientific trends of "Game in libraries". Excel and NodeXL software were utilized for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that the most important subjects in the field of "Game in libraries" were Game-based learning, Game collection development, Game programs, Game design, Game analysis, Information literacy, Library instruction, search ethics, plagiarism, and gamification. Educational games, academic libraries and game-based learning keywords ranked as the highest size. Academic libraries, public libraries, students and library collections keywords were the most effective in the network. Conclustion: Identifying different subjects of the field of game in libraries will be the most effective for the success of research projects in this field. Research such as the present study can provide a comprehensive view of long-term planning for the presentation of game programs in libraries and the use of games in library education and information literacy.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the scientific outputs of the project management literature and draw a scientific map. The target population of this research is all documents indexed in Scopus database in the period 1942 to March 2021, which have used the keywords of project management in their title, abstract or keywords. In this regard, 107438 documents were extracted and their quantitative and qualitative process of citation was examined using applied software such as BibExcel and VOSViewer network analysis software. The results showed that the project management research process has been growing exponentially, especially in the last two decades,so that 86% of scientific productions belong to this period and English language with 86% was the dominant language of published scientific documents. Also in the development of this branch of science, the international journal of project management was the most prominent publication with the most documents (2154) and the most citations (105959), and the United States was the most prominent country with 29, 271 documents and 360, 708 citations. In addition, the analysis of the type of international cooperation between countries in terms of geographical area, revealed three clusters, and the analysis of these clusters identified intercontinental cooperation as the most common way of cooperation between countries. Another part of the results was dedicated to evaluating the role of institutions and researchers in the development of project management knowledge. The analysis in this section shows that the American institute of electrical and electronics engineers with 133 documents and the department of building and real estate of Hong Kong polytechnic university with 3787 citations, respectively, were in the first place of the most active and influential institutions,And researchers Scott and Keil, with 100 documents and 5, 625 citations, respectively, were among the top active and influential researchers. Finally, keyword analysis showed that the word project management with the repetition in 10581 documents and the word ethnography with 67. 2 of the average citations, obtained the most repetitions and citations,At the same time, the emergence of up-to-date keywords such as digital transformation, the industry 4. 0 and gamification, indicated that recent research has shifted towards the management of technological and innovative projects.

Purpose: Awareness, knowledge, and literacy of nutritional information are essential for achieving proper nutrition. This enables individuals to make informed food choices and meet their nutritional needs effectively. The current study investigates the patterns of scientific collaboration among authors and the collaborative network involving individuals, countries, and universities in the field of nutritional information literacy. Methodology: This research is a descriptive study conducted using a scientometric approach with a practical aim. The network analysis software utilized in this research includes the VOS Viewer software for creating a general map of scientific cooperation among authors, organizations, and universities, and the NodeXL software for calculating network centrality indicators. The Gefi software was used for analyzing and visualizing network communication graphs and creating cooperation maps at individual, university, and country levels, in addition to Excel software. The statistical population in this research comprises scientific products (919 articles) in the field of nutrition information literacy from the Scopus database spanning the years 2009 to 2019.Findings: Findings show that scientific production and the number of citations received in the field have generally shown an upward trend during the years under review. Highly cited documents were published between 2009 and 2017. Important journals in the field of nutrition information literacy have mostly categorized published articles in medicine. Following that, the largest number of documents were published in the categories of nursing and social sciences, respectively. A total of 70 articles were published by single authors, while the remaining 849 articles were co-authored. The largest number of articles in this field were published by three authors, which had the highest frequency. The United States and Australia have the largest number of articles and the most collaborative work on nutrition information literacy. Collaborations include Canada and the United States (8 collaborations), Australia and the United States (6 collaborations), and India and the United States (5 collaborations). According to the Scientific Cooperation Network, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada rank high in all three centrality indicators. The University of Sydney had the highest number of credentials and citations in this area. The largest number of collaborations in the production of works in this field was between Northwestern University and Feinberg School of Medicine (8 collaborations). The University of Melbourne ranks highest in all three indicators. Authors such as Amanda Devin, Heather D. Gibbs, and Susan Jessica Paxton have the highest number of articles. A review of the Writers Collaboration Network shows that Elena Carbon, Murray Drummond, and Charlene Elliott rank highest in all three centrality indicators.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the scientific output and the number of citations received in this field have generally been increasing during the years under review. Northwestern University in the United States and the Feinberg School of Medicine have the most significant collaboration in producing articles in this field. Research findings from the betweenness centrality index analysis of the collaboration network of writers in the field of nutrition literacy show that Elena Carbone, Murray Drummond, and Charlene Elliott have the highest values of the betweenness centrality index. There is a fundamental need for activities and practical measures to enhance nutrition information literacy. The results of this study, along with identifying intervening factors in nutrition information literacy, highlight the importance of bridging the gap between research and practice in this field. They also stress the importance of implementing programs, changing policies, and evaluating the outcomes of this research to make progress in promoting healthy eating habits by teaching nutrition information literacy skills. Based on the research findings, it is recommended to promote teamwork, establish communication networks among researchers, activate science and technology parks, organize international conferences, support researchers to participate in international conferences and conduct purposeful research at national and international levels. Supporting study opportunities in countries that are more advanced in various fields and sharing knowledge and experiences are also recommended. Encouraging top researchers who engage in more teamwork in specialized subject areas should be prioritized and rewarded accordingly.

Purpose: Music information retrieval (MIR) is an interdisciplinary field which has developed significantly in last decade. This study is aimed to represent a comprehensive picture of scientific activities of the field. Methodology: The research has been done by quantitative method and scientometric indicators. Data were analysed in SPSS, using descriptive and analytical statistical methods which were indexed in Scopus citation database in MIR area from beginning till end of 2014. Findings: From 1995 until 2014, 1822 document were indexed in Scopus, but after 2004 scientific products of MIR has been significant and in 2011 has been reached to its maturity. Ichiro Fujinaga is prolific author and Mark B. Sandler is pioneer scientist in the field. USA and Johannes Kepler University were the active country and university respectively. Over 99 percent of the scientific output was written in English and most of them respectively were in computer, human science and engineering topics. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between H-index and the number of co-authors in MIR. Content analysis of the produced papers of MIR can result in better understanding of dominant discourse in MIR. So, doing researches like this has been suggested for future studies.

Purpose: Considering the importance of brand positioning for any business and the growing trend of research in this field, the necessity of conducting scientific studies is fully felt. A review of the subject literature and domestic and international research shows that no comprehensive study has been done on this issue. Considering the extent and influence of the field of brand positioning in most business research, the need for clarification is evident to reveal the current situation and future trends based on scientific techniques. To fill this existing deficiency, the present research seeks to answer the question: What is the scientific map of published studies in the field of brand positioning in the Scopus database? Based on this mapping, the study aims to analyze the network of concepts in this field and identify the most valuable areas. It addresses the topics within this field and assists researchers in brand positioning to explain the study process and policy-making in this field based on the identified influential areas.Methodology: The present research is a quantitative, applied, descriptive, and scientometric study based on the objective. The research employed co-word analysis and network analysis techniques. The statistical population comprised all scientific and specialized articles on brand positioning indexed in the Scopus citation database from 1975 to 2023. Initially, the term "brand positioning" was searched in the titles, abstracts, and keywords of the Scopus database. Subsequently, the search was refined to include only articles and reviews, followed by a selection of English language articles. Finally, 577 scientific and specialized articles on brand positioning were chosen for analysis. VOSviewer and Gephi software were utilized for visualizing and analyzing scientific maps of the 577 selected documents. The Scopus database was chosen due to its vast collection of 70 million reviewed research articles from over 5000 international publishers, ensuring relative uniformity.Findings: The research findings reveal that marketing, branding, brand image, brand management, and consumer behavior are the most common topics and keywords in the realm of brand positioning. According to the generated maps and utilizing the closeness centrality index, branding, competition, marketing, brand image, product design, and brand management emerge as the most crucial topics in information dissemination within the network. In essence, they represent categories with an interdisciplinary perspective in the domain of brand positioning.Conclusion: The present study is the first systematic quantitative analysis of brand positioning research in the Scopus citation database, which uses co-word analysis to map the scientific landscape of this field. This study addresses the gap in scientometric research in the literature, aiming to enhance the understanding of brand positioning research from its inception to the present. Research questions were formulated for this purpose and will be addressed in this article. This analysis can serve as a guide for future research in brand positioning. The results indicate an increasing trend in research over the years. The main topics identified in brand positioning research include branding, brand performance, brand social responsibility, destination branding, brand positioning, and brand origin. Through co-citation analysis, key authors in the brand positioning research community were identified, such as Keller, Aaker, Diamantopoulos, and Hayer. Given the significance of green branding (a primary keyword in the corporate social responsibility cluster), the rise in environmental risks, and the impact of green branding on brand sustainability, companies in our country should prioritize this area when establishing and implementing their brand.