An experiment was conducted in a commercial greenhouse to determine cucumber (Negin cultivar) evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in two seasons of winter and spring cultivation in Hamedan province,Irrigation was done to meet 100% of the water requirement based on reaching the suction tensiometer to the field capacity (40 to 50 cm),The soil water balance was used to estimate plant evapotranspiration in the greenhouse,Stanghellini and FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration methods were 214,2 and 181,5 mm in winter and 222,3 and 227,6 mm in spring,respectively,The evapotranspiration ratio by the FAO Penman-Monteith method inside and outside the greenhouse in winter and spring cultivation was 0,8 and 0,81,respectively,The actual evapotranspiration from soil water balance in winter and spring cultivation were 148,2 and 210,4 mm,respectively,The results showed that the average crop coefficient in the initial,middle,and final stages of the growing season in winter planting was 0,69,1,43,and 1,05,and in spring planting were 0,63,1,15,and 0,9,respectively,The results of this study showed the necessary scientific basis for optimizing irrigation and saving water consumption,creating appropriate irrigation planning,and improving the crop water use efficiency in the greenhouse,Also,by reducing excessive water consumption,it can reduce energy consumption and provide a maximum increase in product production efficiency and economic efficiency,The investigation of evapotranspiration,crop canopy growth,and humidity changes during the growing season also showed that it is necessary to prevent the development of plant diseases,to use a higher ventilation level or forced ventilation in greenhouses,

Recently, the application of SA has increased to improve plants’ resistance to stresses such as drought. Hence to investigate SA effects on morphophysiological characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ) under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on latin square design with three replications was carried out at the research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2012. Three levels of drought stress (50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) and three concentrations of SA (0, 0. 5 and 1mM) were considered as main and sub-plot treatments, respectively. Foliar application of SA was performed at 3-to 4-leaf growth stage and before application of drought stress. Results showed that the drought stress reduced the number of fertile umbel/plant, the number of fertile umbellate/umbel, the number of grains/umbellate, relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoids and grain yield, while increased electrolyte leakage when compared with control. Salicylic acid reduced electrolyte leakage, while increased the number of fertile umbel/plant, the number of fertile umbellate/umbel, the number of grains/umbellate, RWC, chlorophyll, carotenoids and grain yield when compared to control (No SA application). Interaction of drought stress × SA on the number of fertile umbel/plant, the number of fertile umbellate/umbel, RWC, carotenoids and grain yield was significant. Increasing photosynthetic pigments, RWC and decreasing electrolyte leakage indicates a reduction in oxidative damage and implies SA role in tolerance of fennel to drought stress.

The purpose of this study was to identify and weigh the criteria for assessing the Sustainable Development of Ecotourism (SDE) and measure the level of SDE in the tourist poles of Lorestan province. The criteria were extracted by reviewing previous studies and weighted by AHP analysis. The statistical population consisted of 31 tourism experts from the center of the province and the cities that all of them were selected by census method and the required data were collected regarding the weighting of criteria and the determination of seven eco-touristic areas. Data were analyzed using Expert Choice and Excel softwares. According to the results, seven criteria for measuring SDE were important in cluding security of tourists (relative weight of 0. 255), natural condition (0. 169), recreational attraction (0. 163), social acceptance and participation of local people (0. 133), the existence of tourism infrastructure (0. 110), governmental support of the region (0. 087) and creation of economic opportunities for the region (0. 083). Also, based on the sum of criteria, the most susceptible areas for the SDE in Lorestan province were respectively Gahar Lake, Bisheh Waterfall, Absefid Waterfall, Nozhian Waterfall, Grit Waterfall, Wark Waterfall and canyon of Shirz. Although Gahar Lake and Bisheh Waterfall have the highest average in terms of criteria, other areas also have capabilities that, with the support of the government and the private sector, can be possible to reduce weaknesses in order to SDE.

The paper aims to examine the place of Iran in the export of fennel among ten major exporting countries. For this purpose, RCA, RSCA, MI, c2, CTB indices were calculated. Needed information for calculating indices was gathered from FAO sources. Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Singapore, Turkey and Syria were selected for comparison. Based on RCA and RSCA indices, Iran stands in the seventh and sixth position in the export of fennel respectively. On the whole, the results of the other indices showed that Iran had comparative advantage in the export of fennel. But due to existence of variation in these indices, it`s possible to improve present situation by persuading appropriate policies. Thus it is recommended  to recognize and introduce target markets for fennel at international level and support production, processing, marketing and export of fennel.