Based on the famous sentence "I saw nothing but beauty" in the sayings of Zainab (PBUH), Ashura contains a lot of tangible or visual, sensible, and logical beauty. In addition to the historical reports of this prominent event, many researchers have studied Ashura's political, social, cultural, and moral aspects. Generally, the political, social, cultural, and moral analysis was the essentiality of fighting against oppression, and these were the messages inferred from Ashura. This event has been one of the bitterest events throughout history. According to the reports, this event has been full of cruelty, tyranny, and bloodshed; however, a beautiful, pleasant, and very glorious truth lies behind its great grief and sorrows. This paper compares the visual beauty of Ashura with the sixth verse (beauty) of An-Nahl Surah (They are also pleasing to you when you bring them home and when you take them out to graze) following the fifth verse (And He created the cattle for you as a source of warmth, food, and many other benefits.) This exploratory and descriptive study aims to establish a connection between the events of Ashura and the Quran and extract and identify the tangible beauty or objective of Ashura’s day and night based on library tools, and first-hand historical and narrative books and resources. The results show that the visual beauty of Ashura includes two sections compared with the 6th verse (beauty) of An-Nahl Surah: The beauty in the events of Ashura night, and the beauty in the events of Ashura day.

Research Problem: Most of the city's viewing corridors induce a sense of confusion to the citizen of Tehran. In these sights and views, there is no harmony. It seems that the main contribution of these disturbances in the face of the city is related to the design and composition of the building masses. This nasty and inelegance image sits in the minds of the citizen that gets addicted to it or gets annoyed because of it. The more hardness is for trained eye that evaluates and adapts the features of these buildings base on the theoretical frameworks, principles, and rules of aesthetics. Research Question: Therefore, the main issue is the reason for this unreliability and getting used to this ugliness, and that how do today's designers and applicants consider the beauty and desirability of city buildings form and their composition? Do the citizens see the city's buildings beautiful? the present study seeks to answer those questions. Research Method: To progress the research, a qualitative research method called the Grounded Theory has been selected. The data is appeared based on interviews with 50 residents of district 2 of Tehran. The interview began with an open question: "How is your neighborhood, place of living, street or alley? Explain it". This preliminary question specifies that whether the interviewees had an experience of visual perception of constructional masses and forms during life in their neighborhood. Further, during the interview and according to the items in each interview, other questions are proposed in the formwork of research issues. Then, the texts of all the interviews have been written, and using techniques of research methodology, analyzed, and their theoretical concepts, extracted and categorized based on their content similarities and differences. In the following, each category of the matched concepts obtained a role in relation to other categories (conditions/context, action/ interactional strategies and consequences) and created a paradigmatic model. And after integratind the categories, deleting additional concepts, completing incomplete concepts, the core category of a phenomenon was identified. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The main categories obtained from the interpretation of the text of the interviews are: Conditional/contextual categories -Merchant urban management -Difference in the type of opinion to the urban development -Emergence of changes in the inhabitants desires and conditions Interactional categories -Visual inconsistency of building masses -Unbalanced combination of building masses with adjacent spaces -Disproportionate size of buildings relative to each other and adjacent spaces -Interest in low-density and low-rise building patterns -Interest in more opened and spacious space proportions -A wish for a less populated place/ a mismatch between space capacity and the dwelling population Consequential categories -Forgetting about the current time of the living environment -Disconnecting with the living environment By reviewing the conceptual content of categories obtained, it seems that the perception and experience of inhabitants of Tehran's 2nd district about the aesthetic aspect of their living environment are visually annoying and unfavorable. What caused of the formation of this experience is the idea of the existence of "merchant urban management", "the difference in the type of opinion to the urban development", "the emergence of changes in the inhabitants’ desires and conditions ",in other words, these cases are the underlying and casual conditions for the formation of this experience. Subsequently, inhabitants in their understanding of the present situation regulate processes in their minds that explain the overall sense of "To perceive inelegance and undesirability from the city". The two main categories of "visual irregularities and distortions" and "shortage of open spaces and a lot densities" play the role of interactional categories in this experience,the categories inhabitants apply to perceive their experience of the living place. Finally, the consequence of the formation of these interactions and processes, or the same general phenomenon (To perceive inelegance and undesirability from the city), emerge in the poor communication of the interviewees with their living environment. The sense of "forgetting of the present time among the regret of the past and the future concern" and "the disconnecting to the living environment" because of the thought for immigration and indifference to the environment, are the consequences of this experience.

The present study examines the factors affecting user satisfaction with urban parks. Since urban parks are considered public spaces and one of the basic rights of citizens, it is essential to pay attention to the opinions and demands of citizens to provide better designs for them. The present study aims to study the components enhancing user satisfaction with urban parks and the relationships between them. For this purpose, first, the factors affecting the quality of these spaces and user satisfaction are extracted through library studies. Next, the users of urban parks are surveyed using a researcher-made Likert-scale questionnaire to know how these factors influence user satisfaction. The present study is descriptive-survey research. The statistical population includes the users of parks in Babol City, among which the samples are selected at different hours and days. The present study is based on the issue that user-centered designs can improve user satisfaction. The results indicate that six factors influence user satisfaction, including structure, aesthetics, meaning, security, behavioral patterns, and sociability, and the security and meaning factors are the most and least important factors from the users' point of view, respectively. The high importance of the security component from the users' perspective indicates that the presence of factors such as adequate lighting, the presence of security guards, access control, support of activities, safety of park equipment and facilities, management and maintenance, and surveillance have the greatest impact on the formation of citizens' mental image of the park. There is a significant positive correlation between some of the six components, and the greatest one is observed between the two components of structure and aesthetics with r=0.417. Structure, security, meaning, and sociability factors affect three factors, and aesthetics and behavioral patterns affect two factors.

Problem statement: The visual aesthetic design of a website, as an inseparable part of human experience in interaction with technology, is capable of meeting the needs of emotional and multi-sense experiences. The identification of components that raises the quality of visual attraction for the user has become the prime concern in the design of webpages. For this reason, this study focuses on understanding the aesthetic quality of webpage and attempts to answer the question of how can the visual components strengthen the users’ appreciation of aesthetics. Research objective: This Research have two aims. The first aim is to evaluate the impact of visual components of webpage design on the user’ s subjective evaluation of aesthetics in the websites of the newspapers. The second aim is to discover the relation between the objective factors of design and the aspects of aesthetic perception. Research method: From a practical point of view and approach, this study is of descriptive – analytical category. The method of data collection is based on study of documents and findings from questionnaires. Conclusion: The research’ s findings highlight the significant impact of the objective design components on the general perception of webpage aesthetics. The three factors of unity, variety and dynamism are instrumental in strengthening the aesthetic values when designing websites. Unity is the only factor involved in all the aspects of subjective perception of aesthetics. It also has a great impact on the two aspects of classical and expressive aesthetics through its impact on simplicity and craftsmanship. The factor of variety has a negative relation with all the dimensions of subjective aesthetics. According to results, websites that established the ideal balance between visual unity and variety, have gained the highest position in the general ranking of aesthetics. In the end, practical solutions to enhance the aesthetic quality of webpages through visual design have been proposed.

Judgments on architectural works variously are done and different points of views and disagreements are observed. Difference of comments regarding architectural beauty is one of the most controversial issues and significant subjects in Iranian contemporary architecture. This issue causes significant disagreements among specialist and designers in one hand and target groups and users from the other hand. In this research parallel to analyzing the specialized literature, theoretical frameworks are built according to rating the samples through the test of user’s desire. Twenty cases among famous Iranian contemporary works have been chosen and classified in two groups. The first group is including the works which have been mentioned in specialized architectural journals as selected works. The second one is including the works with higher advertisement aspects and public reputation. These two classes of buildings were given to three groups of addressees including twenty architectural teachers, thirty master architecture students, fifty master students from other fields. The research outcomes show that a meaningful difference is observed among the selected building by mentioned groups. In addition more people have higher interest on public architectural works and those with advertisement purpose and higher visual literacy. Although in many cases a kind of agreement is observable.

Purpose: Beauty and aesthetics have a thought-provoking course of evolution and development in the history of the world, in such a way that the known cultures before written history such as China, Egypt, Iran, Africa and Europe considered its examples to be human characters, behaviors and virtues, and on the other hand, beauty was constructions, functions, skills, creatures and natural objects; Animals, trees and rock shapes were described. But the history of beauty in the West is full of ups and downs, and from the ancient Greeks, who considered beauty to be the product of the artist's thinking, to Augustine, the western philosopher in the Middle Ages, who described beauty from the innovative doctrine of "Afaza" of absolute existence, the theory of beauty in The aesthetics of the Middle Ages, in a relatively artificial way, served as a substitute for the useful aesthetic interests and the origin of the work.In 1790, the important book of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher and a leading figure in the modern philosophy of the 18th century, called Critique of the Power of Judgment, was published, which is known as one of the most important sources of aesthetics today. In the pre-critical period of his thinking, he wrote a small treatise entitled Considerations on the Beautiful and the Noble (1764), in which he mainly focused on social and anthropological reflections. Kant denied the principles of taste and believed that the judgments we issue about beauty are only based on pleasure and are completely subjective and only work for empirical studies (anthropology or history). Kant made extensive changes in the subject of aesthetics and made it It became a theory related to art and beauty. (Masika, 2011: 3) In Kant's criticism, sense is lower than knowledge and understanding, and taste is not based on moral foundation, and the judgment of the beauty of something is a judgment of taste, and taste is the power of judgment. knows about beauty. Until the end of the 19th century, as a result of Kant's theories, in Western culture and studies, art and works of art were examples of aesthetics, and the understanding of beauty also depended on the values ​​with the sensory experience of objects or events. At the end of the century, with the spread of the study of anthropology of art, the topics of aesthetics were also raised at the same time, and a new perspective appeared in the topics of aesthetics. Kant's aesthetic theory was systematic and comprehensive, he related experience and judgments about natural beauty and art to the basic concepts of epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. The continuation of this legacy in aesthetics after him is clearly visible, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the evolution of the philosophy of beauty to the anthropology of aesthetics, and the question is based on what historical developments have occurred in the thought and philosophy of beauty from the ancient period to the anthropology of aesthetics? Methodology: The research method of this study is analytical-descriptive with a qualitative approach centered on historical developments based on written sources. Findings: The findings show that the most important developments in the 19th century of anthropology are related to the two attitudes of evolutionism and diffusion (expansion) in the years 1930-1880, so that the evolutionism approach focuses on the growth of the (intrinsic) aesthetic power in humans, and its growth or lack thereof depends on hierarchical principles. And it is a stage, and diffusionism emphasizes on the expansion of the components of beauty in different societies, until with the emergence of aesthetic anthropology in the contemporary era, more attention was paid to the components of native beauty and the creative society in researches, and beauty was criticized from the perspective of the creative society