Seyed Karim Amiri Firouzkouhi (1909 - 1984) known as "Amir" is a contemporary elegist and lyric composer poet from a well- known family. Amiri has a distinguished face among contemporary poets having all charachteristics of a number one poet. Amiri is not only in elegy and lyrics but also in other kinds of poems such as fragment, continuous quatrain and couplet (Mathnavi) has a talent as fluent as pure water. Although his lyrics reminds us Saeb lyrics in elegant taste and details, but his reputation in following Indian style is due to his defence, along with supporting of Saeb and Indian poets. Despite all, his poems have a good taste of Iraqi style.

One of the valuable inheritances of each nation is epic novels. Epic poems is illustrator of historical happenings, fancy novels, fabulous heroes- in ignorance age of Arab poets that meaning of epic existed in the poetry of poets like Shanfara and Antarah. In addition, poems of Arabs were not similar to Shahnameh or Iliyad. We see Motanabbe who described the wars of Sayfal- ddolah by preserving epical images in long poems and also we .find other poets like Bohtori and Abo tammam who used the meaning of epic (AI Hemaseh) in their works. On the other hand, there was a kind of verses that was named educational or pedagogical (talimy) poem. In these verses meter of Rajaz was used but were themed by novels and educational subjects. We see that epic weight suddenly changed and was used in education poems or novels and was fashionable among poets who were also novelist. In contemporary Arab literature, too, because of relations with other literatures (European and Persian literature) and coming to the force of contrastive criticism, epic literature reappeared and the works of writers such as Soleyman Bostani (the translator of Iliyad) and Ahmad Moharram (the composer of Islamic Iliyad) initiated the evolution in epic literature. Later, literary .figures like Ahmad Showghi and Hafiz Ebrahim continued the same. The Flourishing of epic literature by Khalil Matran took place through his "Mataraniyeh" epic, and Fouzi Ma"loof through the epic of "Ala Basat Al-rih" (On the wings of the wind), and Shafig Ma"loof through the epic of "Abghar" and Jamil Sedghi Zahawi through the epic of "a revolution in the Inferno" culminates the epic poetry, of course, in Islamic literature, .figures like poules Salameh with the epic of Eid- Al Ghadir, and Abd Al- Monem Fertousi With the epic of Ahl Al- Bait, added new chapters with certain styles of epic poetry to epic literature, and with their rich imagination, story - telling and epic dialogue and by means of Arabic legends and gnostic concepts helped much to flourish the Arab epic literature.

Few studies have been done on soils of Gilan province in northern Iran, although the area enjoys high potential for agricultural production and has vast forested regions. To study the effect of time on the formation of soils in the area, physical, chemical and micromorphological properties of four soils on flood plain and three upper terraces of Sefidrud River was investigated in this study. Different size fraction of sand, silt and clay were separated by centrifuge. Lithologic discontinuity was determined by performing similarity index test on different horizons, using eight size fractions of sand and silt. Crystalline, amorphous, and organic iron was extracted using CBD, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate respectively. The increase in difference between oxalate extracted and CBD extracted iron (Fed-Feo) from lower flood plain to highest terrace soils indicates increase in crystalinity of iron and also soil profile development. At the same time, the ratio of (Feo/Fed) decreases toward the upper terrace soil that is also indication of increase in soil development and relative soil age. Other factors such as organic matter and CEC increase and pH and base saturation decrease toward the upper terrace soil. As a result of increase in relative soil age and decrease in soil pH from soils of flood plain to middle (T2) and upper terraces. Chlorite is transformed to smectite, hydroxy interlayer smectite and other mixed minerals. In the middle terrace (T2) soil, chlorite is completely disappeared but the relative amount of smectite is increased. Three different methods were tested to remove hydroxy interlayers from 2:1 clays, but only one of these methods which consisted of washing coarse clay fraction by 0.05 M HCl, heating to 400oC and finally boiling it in 0.5 M NaOH was able to remove hydroxy interlayers. The results showed this mineral is primarily hydroxy interlayer smectite (HIS). The presence of lithologic discontinuity in the middle and the upper terraces, which was shown by similarity index test, indicates that contrary to previous beliefs, these soils are formed on alluvial rather than eolian deposits.