In interior spaces of offices, standard dimensions ensure that the spaces are dedicated fairly and effectively in accordance with practical needs of the job. If the office spaces would be designed and implemented in a calculated and effective way, this will lead to motivation, creativity, innovation and ease of working relationships among employees in addition to improving the efficiency and efficiency of the work space. A standard is a solution which guarantees consistency between planning and budget. Therefore, a controversial issue is that which parameters define the standard and which conditions lead to changes in standards in various societies. Hence this paper tries to descriptively review the reasons for differences in required dimensions of work places through the qualitative research, and explaining the importance of preparation of such standard using environmental psychology. This study leads to the description of components and indicates how standard dimensions should be presented quantitatively under a variety of classifications based on them. In the final section of the paper, the standard dimensions are evaluated in various cases to validate the studies carried out through comparative analysis. The geographic borders are used to select the statistical population and it is tried to choose at least one country from each continent. The results given in the table reveals the impact of studies in this paper. The data is collected through desk research and this study is based on a comparative-descriptive research methodology. The research findings provide a basis for understanding the effect of environmental factors in interior design. Among the issues related to environmental psychology, the underlying conditions include the urban environment (historical / modern), political conditions (planning design policies: personal ownership / leasing, building architecture regulations, type of work, administrative hierarchy), climatic conditions (natural light, rainfall, wind, ambient temperature, human dimensions), cultural conditions (human resources relationships, importance of employees, hierarchical / formal or informal hierarchy / emphasis or lack of emphasis on privacy and personal space, market conditions, emphasis or lack of emphasis on access to daylight and outward visibility), economic conditions (market conditions). These are the factors that lead to changes of standards in different countries and cultures. Among these effects, the following factors can be observed for the purpose of the abovementioned factors: buildings with low or high class floors, offices as traditional or remote place of work, planning an open or closed layout, spatial organization, building form, natural ventilation, combined systems due to environmental issues, electrical and mechanical systems, lighting supply, spatial arrangement, space usage per employee, methods of working, etc. In addition to the introduction of remarkable points in this regard, it is possible to consider environmental differences in various cities on a micro scale and enhance the efficiency and satisfaction of these spaces. Also, selection of compatible materials with codes and standards in each area is dependent on the design of the interior, which will confirm the design choices and the reliability of the work in terms of safety, environmental health and the wasting of the budget and the cost.

Today, crime and other anti-social behavior and fear due to the most important of them have become a major concern of people. Although there are many effective components of crime, this paper has emphasized the fact that good design of public space can be integrated with simple principles of crime prevention to help the security situation in residential areas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The accurate prediction of the visual comfort zone in an indoor environment is difficult as it depends on so many parameters such as individual and environmental variables. It is important in large compact urban areas in which the density and shadow from neighboring buildings can limit the accessible daylighting in indoor spaces. Lighting is one of the most important environmental parameters in office spaces. The employees spend most of their hours in office spaces during the day, and most of their activities are based on receiving visual information from the surroundings. Besides, being satisfied with lighting conditions is one of the main elements that significantly affects the environment’ s overall comfort level. Currently, in Iran, the visual comfort zone and the preferred illumination level are not defined for office spaces, and experts refer to the findings achieved in other countries. To assess the lighting in architectural spaces and define the conditions for conformity in many standards, the authors have used some metrics as the physical measures. Generally, there are static and dynamic metrics to evaluate various aspects of daylight. Static metrics, such as illuminancebased daylighting metrics and Daylight Factor (DF), are typically evaluated based on illuminance and have been used in building regulations for a long time. In most standards and codes, the minimum recommended illumination level for working planes in a regular office is 500 lx. Due to climatic and cultural differences, the findings of other countries may not be appropriate for Iran. On the other hand, many studies have been conducted to find an acceptable lighting level in offices; however, the results show the acceptable range for illuminance in different countries is not the same. So, this paper tries to investigate the satisfaction range with the illumination level in office spaces which architects and researchers could use. Therefore, a field measurement was conducted to evaluate the illumination levels, and to examine the effect of lighting conditions on employee level of satisfaction and perception of lighting level with actual illuminance levels in office spaces in Tehran, using both questionnaire and physical illuminance measurements. METHODS: The focus is on six office buildings in the metropolis of Tehran, Iran. The buildings were selected to consider different spaces in old and new buildings, one-story and high-rise buildings, open plan, and cubicle offices with varying orientations. The selected rooms were one, two-or multi-user offices, located on different floors, with various window orientations and an optional atrium/outside window. Fluorescent interior artificial lighting was used in all spaces with a color temperature between 4000K and 5000K. The survey involved 509 questionnaires (280 were filled out in summer and 229 in winter). FINDINGS: Most of the participants have spent at least three months in their offices and have been adapted to the environment. All participants were Iranians (to avoid the impact of occupants’ culture on lighting perception). Most of them reported that they spend more than 8 hours or between 6 to 8 hours in their offices during the day. Field measurement includes illuminance, temperature, and relative humidity. The questionnaires were filled out in 146 and 109 rooms in summer and winter, respectively. At the same time, while users completed the questionnaire, the physical parameters were measured. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was applied for quantitative variables. By using a monotonic function, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is a non-parametric measure that assesses statistical dependence between two variables to describe their relationship. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that occupants were more satisfied with higher levels of illuminance. The measured illuminance is categorized into certain levels to investigate the acceptable range for the lighting level. For this purpose, the measured lighting level was classified into 14 ranges. The values of less than 300 lx are in the first category, higher than 900 lx are in the last category, and the values between these mentioned ranges are classified into 50 lx intervals. The highest satisfaction from the environmental lighting level is provided in the illuminance range between 600 to 649 lx. The illumination level above this range results in more satisfaction compared to illumination levels less than 550 lx. Thus, there is an optimal range of satisfaction with lighting level, and the preferred lighting comfort range for the investigated office spaces is between 600 to 649 lx. While the illumination level higher than 550 lx is acceptable for most of the occupants.

Background and aims: Today job stress is one of the most important problems of staffs that has physical and mental impact on them and also reduces their efficiency; therefore, it can affect organizations’ productivity and economy. Besides, regarding offices around the world and their improvements in 20th century comparing to offices in Iran shows that we need to research and change Iranian official spaces design. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of natural lighting, window views and indoor plants on stress reduction of offices’ staffs.Methods: To achieve this end, psychophysics method was used. To evaluate stressful conditions, a researcher-made test based on Stroop Word-Color Test was used to collect data analyzed by using MATLAB. The examinees were teachers from all provinces in Iran.Results: The analysis showed that the reaction time is increased in stimulus showing lack of natural light, window view and indoor plants. Accordingly, the average reaction time in unpleasant images is significantly more than pleasant ones (p<0.1).Conclusion: Data analysis shows that the degree of stress is influenced by natural lighting, window view and indoor plants of workplace that can be improved by giving attention to these three factors in interior design to design a pleasant and dynamic workplace.