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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    4
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    173-180
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    5
  • Views: 

    1715
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The present study investigates breast-feeding pattern of mothers residing in Shiraz (Iran), longitudinally. A co-hort of 329 mothers who gave birth at the 14 maternity clinics of Shiraz during two consecutive weeks in 1996 was selected randomly. The mothers must have been resident in Shiraz since their conception and delivered healthy neonates. The selected cohort fonned a 2.5% sample of all neonates who were born in Shiraz in 1996. Mothers were followed at 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after given birth at their homes and interviewed face to face filling out a strnctured questionnaire. Almost 53.5% of mothers had been trained how to breastfeed. The main sources of mothers knowledge on duration of breastfeeding were friends and relatives (39.8%), while mass media played a minimal role (15.7%) in this regard. Mothers, their friends and relatives recommendations on nourishing child immediately after birth were the main sources of mothers knowledge (46.5%). Nearly all mothers (99.7%) stated that the mothers milk was the best food at birth for the neonate and 94.5% of them cited colostmms as the first nutrient to feed infants. Also 66.4% of mothers believed that infants should be breastfed immediately. About 81.3% of them said that infants, breastfeeding should be continued until 24 months. Breastfeeding continued until 1.5 months in 97.9% of cases. The figure decreased to 85.6% at six month, 77.3% at one year, and 26.4% at 2 years of age of the children. In 41.3% of cases, infants breast-fed until 1.5 months exclusively. This rate decreased to 9% at the age of 6 months. Complementary feeding was begun in 66.9% of cases at the age of 6 months. Predominant breast-feeding was performed at the age of 1.5 months in 82.9% of infants. Only 2.1% of infants were fed powder milk exclusively at the age of 1.5 months. The paper emphasizes on fundamental planning on breastfeeding promotion of mothers, which is economicallyjusti{lllble.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2011
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    4 (53)
  • Pages: 

    68-74
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1144
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is one of the effective risk factors for many diseases.Hence, a variety of studies have been done for identifying its risk factors which have led to the diagnosis of different factors, among which working on shift work (WSW) can be mentioned. In this longitudinal study, we deal with the effect of WSW on BP by controlling the confounding factors through GEE regression which is a powerful tool for correlational and longitudinal data analysis.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data collection was done through annual observations of health and safety executive (HSE) center of Mobarakeh Steel Company (MSCO) of Isfahan on the workers in 2007-2009. For data analysis, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were regarded as dependent variables, whereas body mass index (BMI), age, education level (EL), and shift work were considered independent variables. SPSS version 15 was used to apply GEE regression to the assessment of parameters corresponding to the factors causing change in SBP and DBP.Results: Of the independent variables, BMI and age had a significant relationship with SBP and DBP; however, the results did not indicate any significant relationships between BP and WSW and EL. Conclusion: In this study, there was not a significant relationship between shift work and BP.This can be attributed to the likelihood of SWS being healthier, as well as the flexibility of work hours, income, and more intervals for shift workers in comparison to day workers.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    18
  • Issue: 

    81
  • Pages: 

    363-371
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    525
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Development of advanced learning along with students’ progress is one of the main goals of higher education and learning approaches act as a key concept. Therefore, it is very important to understand how students’ learning approaches change over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning approaches of undergraduate nursing and midwifery students during their studies at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-longitudinal study was conducted from 2012-16. A total of 76 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students who entered Bushehr University of Medical Sciences were selected by means of census method. Learning approaches of the students were measured using the Persian version of Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: Findings showed that the majority of students used the deep learning approach (29. 81± 7. 234, total=? ? ? ) throughout their studying years. However, ANOVA test did not show a statistically significant difference between surface and deep learning approaches scores of nursing (p=0. 109, p=0. 481) and midwifery (p=0. 232, p=0. 328) students in terms of the years of study. Although, independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference in employing the surface learning approach in terms of the field of study (p=0. 02) and gender (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Although deep learning was the dominant approach, there was no change in the students’ learning approaches in higher years of education. Therefore, given the focus of higher education on developing the deep learning approach in students and the importance of medical science fields for society, it is necessary for teachers, managers and educational planners to assess the deep learning approach.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1382
  • Volume: 

    21
  • Issue: 

    ویژه نامه (مرکز تحقیقات علوم دندانپزشکی)
  • Pages: 

    781-794
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    543
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

سابقه و هدف: پیش بینی الگوی نرمال رشد طی فرآیند بلوغ از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. تغییرات اندازه و شکل قوس دندانی بر روی زیبایی دندانها و به خصوص ثبات سیستم دندانی اثر چشمگیری دارد. از آنجایی که تاکنون مطالعه طولی Longitudinal برروی تغییرات قوس دندانی در ایران انجام نشده بود این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تغییرات فرم و اندازه قوس فکی نرمال در نوجوانان 12 تا 16 ساله ایرانی در شهر قزوین طراحی شد.مواد و روشها: این مطالعه به صورت توصیفی - طولی بر روی 26 نفر از نوجوانان دارای اکلوژن نرمال با متوسط سنی 1±16 سال در پایان آن طراحی شد. این افراد دارای اکلوژن نرمال براساس تعریف Moyers در ابتدای مطالعه بودند. از هر یک از نمونه ها یک مدل دندانی در سال 1377 و دیگری در سال 1381 تهیه شد، مدلها طبق روش استاندارد پروفیت برای تراش دندانی تراش داده شدند. از نمای اکلوزال مدلها دو فتوگرافی با استفاده از دوربین دیجیتال در فاصله 20 سانتیمتری و با زاویه ای عمود بر میدلاین کست در طول زمان تهیه شد. پس از سوپرابمپوزیشن دو منحنی بر روی حداکثر تطابق میدلاین و نقاط وسط لبه اینسایزال دندانهای قدامی، کاسپ کانین و نوک کاسپ مزیال مولر اول تغییرات قوس دندانی در ناحیه عرض و عمق مولر و کانین محاسبه شد. تغیرات شکل قوس و سطح زیر این منحنی نیز محاسبه گردید. سپس میانگین انحراف معیار و فاصله اطمینان 95% برای هر یک از شاخصها در کل نمونه ها و به تفکیک جنس محاسبه و با استفاده از آزمون Paired T-test تغییرات شاخص در طول زمان و با T-test  تفاوتها در بین دو جنس محاسبه گردید.یافته ها: بیشترین حد متوسط تغییرات در کل نمونه ها در عمق مولرها در فک بالا به میزان -1.69mm و در فک پایین به میزان -1.29mm  بود. در طی چهار سال در کل نمونه ها تغییر معنی دار در شاخصهای عمق و عرض مولر بالا، عمق کانین بالا، عمق کانین و مولر پایین و سطح منحنی فک پایین مشاهده شد. در سال 77 تفاوت در عرض کانین و مولر بالا عمق کانین بالا و سطح زیر منحنی فک بالا و بین دو جنس وجود داشت. در سال 1381 تفاوت در کلیه شاخصها به جز عمق کانین بالا بین دو جنس مشاهده شد که همواره در پسران بزرگتر از دختران بود.نتیجه گیری: پس از گذشت 4 سال قوس دندانی پهن تر و کوتاهتر شده، تغییرات معنی دار بیشتر در جهت کوتاهتر شدن قوس و در جهت ساژیتال میباشند. اختلاف ابعاد قوس با گذشت زمان بین دو جنس بیشتر شده و این ابعاد همواره در پسران بزرگتر میباشد.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    17
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    106-116
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1759
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Objective: Learning “verb” as one of the main components of sentence, has been always a debatable topics in the process of language learning. One of the important issues in “verb” learning is determining its meaning using syntactic clues and learning its semantic aspects. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the development of the semantic aspect of “verb” in a Persian-speaking child. In addition, with regard to similar reports from different languages, the answers to the following question were sought: Does in the process of learning “verb” and the interpretation of its meaning by a Persian speaking child, syntactic clues play a fundamental role? Does the child get help from the syntactic frame of the sentence to decipher the meaning of the verb.Materials & Methods: This research was a case and longitudinal study conducted on a Persian-speaking child from 21 to 45 months of his age and data were collected naturally in the context of his everyday conversations. After collecting the data (during 24 months), the created verbs were classified based on semantic classification of Lee and Naigles (2005) in 4 semantic classes of motion, internal-communication, bodily process, and creation-performance verbs. Theoretical framework of the research was syntactic bootstrapping of Naigles (1990, 2005), which was an interactive view (semantic-syntactic). Also, the data analysis method of the research was descriptive-analytic.Results: The results of the research confirms the syntactic bootstrapping of the “verb” in the growth process of the “verb” learning in Persian-speaking children. So that the Persian-speaking child in his 21 to 45 months old uses the syntactic clues to interpret the meaning of the verb i.e., the syntactic frame of the sentence helps child to interpret the meaning of the verb. Another finding of this research was the order of emergence of verb semantic classes in the language learning process. Based on the study evidence in the process of verb learning of a Persian-speaking child, at first the motion verbs appear that have the highest frequency of occurrence in the process of learning verbs, then come the bodily process, creation performance, and internal-communication verbs that are produced the least in this age period. The low frequency of internal-communication verbs and not understanding the implicit meaning of some verbs by the child, especially in the early phase of this age period, shows that at first the child’s mind is occupied more by the objective and tangible phenomenon. In other words, the child learns rapidly objective and concrete phenomenon and gradually the child’s mind by learning the tangible and objective words, automatically extract their common features and learns them. One of the significant finding of this research was that the more the child interacts with the social environment, and his cognitive abilities grows, the more will be his/her production of verbs, especially creation-performance verbs.Conclusion: Based on the study evidence, the frequency of verb development with respect to semantic aspect in Persian-speaking child is similar to other children who speak other languages and syntactic frame of the sentence helps him/her to decipher the meaning of the verb. It seems that this feature would help to diagnose, evaluate, and rehabilitate the language and speech disorders in the process of verb learning.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1385
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    128-140
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    797
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

قبل از پاسخ گویی به نقد مقاله، مقدمتا «لازم است به چند نکته اساسی اشاره شود. این نویسندگان از نقد ارایه شده به مقاله خود به دلایل گوناگون استقبال می کنند. اول از همه این که، امیدواریم این سرآغازی برای نقدهای سازنده در علوم اجتماعی باشد. در صورتی که نقدها با انگیزه پیشرفت علمی انجام شود، عملا می توانند، به عنوان نوعی کنترل کیفیت در تولید علم، نقشی سازنده ایفا نمایند. ضمنا امیدواریم نقد علمی به همراه خود فرهنگ لازم برای رشد اجتماع علمی را برای علوم اجتماعی در ایران به تدریج به ارمغان آورد.دوم این که منتقد محترم، گر چه سعی نموده به روش علمی و موشکافانه انتقادات خود را بیان نماید، اما به دفعات از آستانه شکیبایی علمی خود به سرعت عبور کرده و مکرر صحبت از «عدم اعتبار نتایج تحقیق نموده است».! بهتر بود این منتقد مکرر پرش در نتیجه گیری زودرس انجام نمی داد!

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Journal: 

Research in Medicine

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    45
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    24-31
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    287
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background: Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in athletes. However, there is little information about the risk factors of this injury. The aim of the present study was to determine prospectively intrinsic risk factors for lateral ankle sprains in athletes. Methods and materials: A longitudinal study was carried out on 152 male athletes recruited from clubs in Hamadan province by first completing a personal information registration form at the beginning of the season. Then, their height, weight, body mass index, hip abductor, hip extensor, ankle evertor, and invertor muscle strength were measured. The participants played and practiced for 20 months. Lateral ankle injuries were registered during 20 months and exposure to sport was recorded. Since the dependent variable was grouped (presence or absence of sprain), logistic regression was used to analyze the data (p≤ 0. 05). Results: A total of 34 new ankle sprain injuries were recorded in total training sessions and competitions, which was equivalent to 0. 804 injuries per 1000 hours of play and training. The results of logistic regression showed that age (P = 0. 04, OR = 1. 040), height (P = 0. 03, OR = 1. 024), weight (P = 0. 05, OR = 1. 008), body mass index (P = 0. 04, OR = 1. 077), invertor muscles strength (P = 0. 00, OR= 1. 091) ), evertor muscles strength (P = 0. 03, P = 1. 051), and previous injury history (P = 0. 001, OR=51. 016) are significantly associated with the incidence of ankle sprain injury. According to the results of regression analysis and ROC curve, the history of previous injury was introduced as the main predictor of ankle sprain. Conclusions: It seems that previous injury history, age, height, weight, and body mass index can predict lateral ankle sprain. These results can help coaches and players prevent this injury in the future.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    199-205
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1586
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is a powerful tool for detection of defects as well as characterization of various properties of materials. In ultrasonic testing, it is very important to know the exact wave velocity in the material because most measurements somehow depend on wave velocity. Many other characteristics of materials such as elastic constants also depend on wave velocity. While variations of wave velocity in ambient temperatures are very small, these variations could be noticeable at high temperatures. In this paper, a simple and innovative experimental method is proposed for measurement of ultrasonic wave velocities at high temperatures. To keep the ultrasonic probe far from the hot sample, a special waveguide is designed. The wave velocity measurements are performed by pulse-echo ultrasonic testing technique and variations of ultrasonic wave velocities at temperatures ranging from 40oC to 160oC are investigated. It is observed that the velocity of ultrasonic waves decrease with increase in temperature. Experimental results are compared with theory and measurement uncertainties are calculated. These uncertainties are ±0.01 m/s and ±0.003 m/s for longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, respectively. The theoretical and experimental results agree very well.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

Applied Psychology

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2 (10)
  • Pages: 

    7-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    3239
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Purpose of this study was to determine the trend of changes in the mental health of married couples. Method was a descriptive-comparative study in which 230 married couples were selected from student's mass marriages in Tehran universities. From this sample, 213 couples in the first year of the study, 116 couples in the second year, 46 couples in the third year, 95 couples in the fourth year, 56 married couples in the fifth year, and finally 27 couples in the fourth year of their marriage completed the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ). Results indicated that except for the somatic symptoms subscale, differences between mean scores of other subscales as well as the total GHQ mean scores in different years were not significant. The best predictor of the GHQ total score in the fifth year of the study was the event of getting married itself. Also there weregender differences in terms of the GHQ scores, i.e. females have reported lower mental health in comparison with males. Discussion: The result showed a change may occur during first year of marriage is in relations and responsibilities of couples arid the expression of Jension in obtaining communication and conflictr resolution skills. Furthermore, this tension may be increased in women by occupational family and occur at ional roles during first years of marriage which impacts their mental health negatively.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    20-29
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    0
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Aging has caused physical and cognitive defects in older adults, requiring serious intervention to support them. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating relationship between social support and cognitive status among older adults of Neyshabur city. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of the first phase of registration of the longitudinal Neyshabur Geriatric Cohort on 3451 people of 60 years and above. Data collection was done using demographic questionnaires, MMSE, MOCA and Duke social support questionnaire. .data was analyzed using SPSS v.16 software. Results: With the MMSE, one fifth of the participants (20.3%) and with the MOCA, almost half of the respondents (49.3%) did not have cognitive disorder. 84% of the respondents were satisfied with the social support received most of the time, and they were satisfied, had the least cognitive impairment. Education level was the strongest factor in predicting cognitive disorder, and MOCA was more influenced by demographic variables than MMSE. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of cognitive disorders among older adults, careful examination and screening of cognitive disorders can lead to early diagnosis and prevention of disorder progression. Also, considering the relationship between social support and cognitive status, increasing the use of mass media, online technologies, designing programs and group recreational and sports activities can be effective in improving the cognitive status in older adults.

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