After selecting the elite trees of Populus euphratica in different localities, shoot tips were excised and the buds were sterilized with different treatments as follows:1 - Washing by tap water and detergent.2 - Sterilizing in 1% benlate for 30 to 60 minutes.3 - Sterilizing in 70% ethanol for 5 minutes.4- Sterilizing in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 1 minute.These werel selected as the best methods of sterilization. The explants were established in different media with different ranges of hormones. Regarding factors such as shoot length growth, roliferation, greenish, callus induction and vitrificated explants in this experiment the best medium for establishing, shooting and regeneration of shoots was selected. MS medium with half strength of nitrate and BA: 0.5 mg/l, Kinetin:0.5 mg/l, IBA: 0.01 mg/l were selected as the best medium. Then rhyzogenese treatments on this media were done with changing concentration, type and combination of rooting hormones. The best rooting level was obtained by 0.1 mg/l of IBA. Then the plantlets were established in strile soil (Peat - Sand - Homus in equal perecentages) with polyethylen cap and this plantlets then were transferred to germinator. Acclimatization steps on this plants were successfully accomplished.

An in vitro method was used to produce hybrid poplar plants between Populus alba L. and P. euphratica OLIV in two directions. Developed ovaries and ovules were isolated from P. alba L. female branches, Which had been, pollinated with P. euphratica pollen grains by using twig and pot breeding technique. The same procedure was carried out for isolation of developed P. euphratica OLIV ovaries and ovules which had been pollinated with Populus alba L. pollen grain on mature trees. Isolated ovaries and ovules of both crosses were then transferred to growth regulator free half concentrated MS agar medium for embryo germination. Fourteen days old Populus alba L. ovary and ovule embryos produced the highest number of plantlets, While 45 days old ovary and ovule embryos of P. euphratica OLIV were necessary to obtain hybrid plants. Maximum two to three plantlets were observed per both Populusalba L. and P. euphratica OLIV ovary culture. Ninety percent of pollinated P. euphratica OLIV and Populus alba L. ovules successfully produced plantlets, whereas the efficiency of pollinated ovaries to produce plantlets was 70% for Populus alba L. and 67% for P. euphratica OLIV.Plantlets were cultured in the same medium in jars, before being transferred to potting soil. Seventy-five interspecific P. alba L. x P. euphratica OLIV. and twenty-six of P. euphratica OLIV. x Populus alba L. hybrid plants were successfully acclimatized in greenhouse.

Populus euphratica Oliv. in Iran is distributed naturally in vast regions. But the largest area is located along the margins of the large rivers in Khuzistan province, such as Karkheh, Dez and some area in Maroon(neady 20,000 ha). It is spread in the form of coppices covering at the large area, which are very important from the economical point of view and environmental purposes because of production of wood, animals fodder, protection and stabilization of the river border. Also it can be useful for the protection of the natural ecosystem and wildlife. P. euphratica in Khuzistan is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Also the dry period consider to Ombrothermic curves is between 7 and 8 month per year (late Feb. to late Oct.). The mean annual rainfall is between 230-340 mm, and the mean annual temperature is between 23-25°C. Soil of the studied sites is alluvial which contribute from erosion of lime, mad and salty matters of Zagroos formations. Soil texture of upper horizons is sandy-loam and lower horizons change to loam. Electrical conductivity (EC) value is higher in south and western than north regions. The overall hydrological characteristics such as, meander, flood river and light texture of soil are the reasons for presence of P. euphratica communities in the natural regions. The number per hectare of stands was 357 and 329, the crown cover percentage of stands was 72.6 and 68.4. Also the mean annual diameter increament was 9.6 mm and 9.5 mm and the approximate age estimated 35 and 36 years.