The pellets have preference over the other oral sustained - release dosage forms, because they have advantages such as desired form and good flowability, equal distribution in gastrointestinal tract and reduction of peak plasma level changes. In this study, after preparation of inert pellets using a pan and fluid bed coater machines and evaluating their characteristics, sustained-release diltiazem hydrochloride pellets were prepared. By spraying drug suspension and coating solution on inert pellets. During formulation, it was specified that factors such as instrument used, type of materials, adjust particle size of drug and the ratio of central core diameter to the drug particle diameter, are factors affecting pellet shape and quality. Finally, the formulated product was controlled quantitatively and qualitatively, and in order to determine the best drug release model, the dissolution test data were checked with the common mathematical equations. Result obtained from evaluated pellets, showed that there has been a direct relationship between bulk density of inert and medicinal pellets. However the true density of inert pellets increased with decreasing particle size of pellets. Assay for the sustained release pellets showed a good condition, since initial dose of the drug was released at the first 2 hours and the other doses were released during 24 hours, conforming USP XXIII specifications. The plasticizer had no effect on the release pattern of the pellets. Also, the study of release kinetics showed that the drug process is best described by cube root equation of Hixson-crowell.      

Shoot tips from different genotypes of Populus caspica, were collected from adult trees grown in northern forests of Iran. After surface sterilization, these explants were cultured on three different media containing BA (0.5 - 2) mg/lit and IBA (0.01) mg/lit .The rate of shoot multiplication, shoot length growth and other responses of these genotypes were investigated. All of them showed rapid multiplication, when cultured on half strength MS containing 0.5 - 2 mg/lit BA and 0.01 mg/lit IBA. The number of shoots formed per explants varied for each genotype. Genotype 3 had the highest proliferation in the same conditions. All of such shoots rooted in MS medium with 0.5 mg/lit IBA. This plantlets were transferred in soil and 100 % of these plants successfully established in the field conditions.

The Dezu Formation of the Early Cambrian age in the east of Zarand (northwest of Kerman) has been studied to determine its fades, paleoenvironment and sequences. Its upper contact with Dahu Formation and its lower contact with the underlying Rizu Series is marked by distinct erosional unconformity. The Dezu Formation is composed of the fluvial siliciclastics at the base, alternation of carbonates and evaporites in the middle part and collapse breccia and dolomite in its upper part. Field and microscopic investigations of the Dezu Formation in the east of Zarand led to recognition of two siliciclastic fades and eight carbonate and evaporite fades. The siliciclastic facies include litharenite and shale/mudstone. The carbonate and evaporite facies include dolomitized wackestone (A), dolomitized ooid packstone-grainstone (B), lime mudstone (Cl), dolomitized pellet packstone (C2), laminated dolomitic lime mudstone (D1), dolomitic stromatolite boundstone (D2), dolomitic fenestral lime mudstone (E1) and gypsum and anhydrite (E2). This study indicates that shale/mudstone and sandstone fades were deposited in a meandering river environment. facies A-E were deposited in a carbonate ramp similar to the present day Presian Gulf. The Dezu succession indicates a 3-rd order cycle (sequence) bounded by major erosional unconformities. This sequence is composed of a lowstand systems tract (fluvial deposits), a transgressive systems tract (evaporite and carbonate deposits) and a highstand systems tract (upper Dezo dolomite).

In order to study the ecological conditions of Wild cherry (Cerasus avium) in the forests of north of Iran, eight regions in these forests from Asalem in Gilan to Lowe in Gorgan, were identified and selected. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were evaluated. The study of soil and climate conditions was performed too. The results indicated that Wild cherry was distributed from west to east and from lowlands to uplands of Alborz region, but the stands in midlands (altitude 900-1400 m) were denser. The species were distributed on the northern, northwestern, northeastern, western, eastern, southeastern, and southern slopes, but at northern, northwestern, northeastern, and eastern ones the density was higher. The slope gradient in these areas varied from 0 to 90 percent. Various vegetation types in study region consisted of Cerasus avium-Cerasus betulus, Cerasus avium -Acer velutinum, Cerasus avium-Acer cappodicicium, Fagus orientalis-Cerasus avium, Carpinus betulus-Cerasus avium, and Acer velutinum-Cerasus avium. Quantitative studies showed that from the point of frequency, density, basal area and volume per hectare, the Chenes forest exhibited the best condition. Qualitative studies showed that Siahbil was the best site and Lalice the worst. Totally, Chenes was Shown to be the best site and Lalice the worst. Climatological studies indicated that the distribution of Wild cherry was in the areas with an annual mean precipitation of between 867 and 1968 mm/year, and an annual mean temperature of 7.1 to 13.6°C. Soil studies showed that Wild cherry grows on brown forest, washed brown, dark brown pedolic, autotroph brown and hydromorph brown soil types with textures including loamy clay, silty loam, sandy clay and sandy loam. Soil pH varied from 5.2 to 7.1. Most of the soils were deep to moderately deep, suitable for rooting.