This paper aims to examine the role of rational Impressions in general, and a specific type of them, namely cognitive Impressions, within the epistemology of early Stoicism as essential for attaining knowledge. To achieve this, the process of forming Impressions in the ruling part (hegemonikon) of the soul, from a natural perspective, is first clarified. The discussion then turns to how human Impressions, as those of a rational being, inherently possess inseparable, non-material content, distinguishing them fundamentally from the Impressions of non-rational beings, including children. Thus, the claim made by some commentators that these Impressions are similar in their initial stage of formation in the soul is not accurate. To further this argument, the place of concepts in Stoic thought and the difference between their approach and that of other ancient thinkers, including Epicurus, is examined. Finally, with reliance on the Stoic causal approach and the role of expertise, an analysis is conducted on the inadequacy of focusing solely on apparent characteristics to distinguish cognitive Impressions from non-cognitive ones.

Islamic signet rings besides decorative aspects have religious and ritual functions. Incised signet rings are very important artifacts in Islamic culture of Iran and wearing them is highly recommended by Shiite clergies.In Qajar period since the kings realized themselves as caliphs and vicars of the Imams and upholders of Shiism after the Safavid era, engraving religious scripts on signet and seal rings in favor of Shiite beliefs has been prevalent, the study and analysis of which demonstrates the tendency of Iranians to Shiite culture and Imams in that era.This paper aims at examining the scripts engraved on Qajar signet rings to realize the dominant beliefs and customs in that era. The research is based on fieldwork and uses descriptive and analytic methods to demonstrate the love of people for the Shiite Islam throught the study of the content of recurrent engravings on signet rings.The results show a meaningful correlation between prevalent beliefs and taste with the engraved inscriptions on the rings so that the contents of them reveal Shiite faith through the appearance of Imams’ names as well as well as  prayers and poems about the Shiite imams.

Background. This in-vivo study evaluated the accuracy of full-arch digital Impressions obtained through different intraoral scanning technologies regarding trueness and efficiency against the standard alginate Impressions. Methods. Alginate Impressions were taken from 50 subjects, and the resulting stone casts were scanned using the Trios 3Shape desktop scanner. In-vivo scans were conducted on each participant using three intraoral scanners: Medit, CEREC Primescan, and 3Shape Trios. The scanned files were superimposed onto two software platforms: the 3Shape Orthoanalyser and Geomagic software. This superimposition was performed against the reference model to calculate 3D and 2D deviations, enabling efficiency comparisons between digital and traditional workflows based on work time in minutes. Measurements and comparisons were made in three planes: transverse, sagittal, and vertical dimensions for all the models and stone casts. Statistical analysis employed SPSS 23, with the significance level set at P<0. 05. Results. Significant deviations were observed between the three intraoral scanners and the alginate impression, with molar and premolar areas showing greater imprecision across dental arches. Compared to the alginate technique, Medit i500 tended to reduce the transverse dimension in the areas mentioned above, while CEREC exhibited higher precision. Molar and premolar areas emerged as the regions with the greatest discrepancies, both in excess and deficiency, compared to the alginate impression. This difference in dimensions was, however, statistically insignificant overall. 3Shape Trios exhibited the shortest scan times, indicating higher efficiency. Among the intraoral scanners, Medit recorded the longest scanning duration. Conclusion. Accepting the null hypothesis, the scans obtained using all three scanners were comparable with statistically insignificant differences in the measurements. The three scanners differed in the total scan time taken, with the Medit scanner requiring the longest scan time and the 3Shape TRIOS 3 scanner demonstrating the shortest scan duration.

The author claims that while the supreme leader's viewpoint is that middle-east developments are inspired by Islamic Revolution of Iran and is generally of an Islamic nature but the predominant impression of the executive body specially the president is that middle-east developments are mainly caused by an American-Israeli conspiracy under the title of Islamic awakening aimed at dividing and weakening the Islamic world. These two different Impressions have led to two practical measures in Iran's foreign policy. Supporting the uprisings in the region and expanding society-society public relations is the result of the first impression while reinforcing Iranian government's relations with regional states to prevent instability and division of these states is the result of the second impression. The author believes that the middle-east developments can be explained in the frameworks of Islamic awakening and can not be downgraded to an American-Israeli conspiracy. However, both kinds of measures are necessary in Iran's foreign policy.

Man’s perfection is associated with his insight, and the realm of mysticism is the elevated ground for insight. Neglecting this fact and man’s exigency to mysticism takes root from one’s ignorance or lack of proper knowledge, and failure in introducing the pure mysticism rises from alienating the codes which are not a part of the social and religious culture of each group by the scholars and experts in this field. It should be noted that a comprehensive account of various approaches of theoretical mysticism prepares the ground for experiencing practical mysticism; what can elevate man’s outlook; however, this approach is wrongly neglected, and due to his innate exigency for achieving truth and spiritual peace, man may experience the fallacious ways or take distance from internal and external monotheism while facing diversity of beliefs. This article intends to draw the scholars’ attention to the above-mentioned issues.

Introduction: Disinfection of dental Impressions is an essential step in dental infection control. The aim of this study was to evaluate dimensional accuracy of an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material after disinfection with either immersion in or being sprayed on by ozonated water.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 50 irreversible hydrocolloid Impressions were made from an acrylic maxillary model including 4 Straumann abutment analogues and divided into 5 groups: control group, groups with 5 and 10 minutes of immersion in an ozone solution, and groups with 5 and 10 minutes of ozone solution sprayed on (n=10). The Impressions were then poured in type IV dental stone. Dimensions and distances of stone dies in each group were measured using Coordinate Measuring Machine with an accuracy of 1 micrometer. Percentages of dimensional changes in the diameter and height of the dies and the distances between them were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, one-sample t-test and paired t-test (a=0.05).Results: One-way ANOVA did not reveal any significant differences in dimensional changes between the test and control groups. Diameters and heights of the dies in all the groups decreased in comparison to the model. One-sample t-test showed that except for the height of the die without undercut in groups of 5- and 10-minute spray (p value=0.01 and p value=0.02) and the diameter of the die with undercut in the 10-minute spray group (p value=0.02) there were no significant differences in any of the dimensions in comparison with the model. Paired t-test did not show any significant differences between dimensions of the dies with and without undercuts between the groups under study.Conclusion: The accuracy of irreversible hydrocolloid Impressions is not affected by immersion in ozonated water. Spraying for 5 and 10 minutes will lead to smaller dies.

"Shahnameh" is a Literary, historical and national masterwork, so, it impacts on our culture and literature is undeniable. Undoubtedly, "Shahnameh" is one of the most important works that during thousands of years of Iranian ups and downs history affects on protection of honorable legacy of the ancestors and recognition and promotion of national, culture and language identities. Mystery of its impression and insolubility is that Ferdousi relied on national old stories and anecdotes, and provide them in the most beautiful art and literary matter. Thus, study of Shahnameh is in the context of national studies. In the present article, it is tried to find connection of art and literary aspects of "Shahnameh" by determination of available resources for Ferdousi in composing "Shahnameh", then, we will investigate honesty and loyalty of Ferdousi to the resources and his art and literary innovation.