Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is known as a common biomaterial for pulpotomy of primary molars, with limitation including high cost, difficult handling, and long setting time. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of Allium sativum oil and MTA in pulpotomy of primary molar teeth. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed on a group of children with at least two symptom‑, free primary molars requiring pulpotomy. A total of 90 teeth were randomly assigned into two groups: After pulp amputation and hemostasis, Group I received MTA as medication in the pulp chamber and Group II received Allium sativum oil over the pulp stumps. Pulp chamber was then filled with reinforced ZOE paste (zinc oxide eugenol) and teeth were restored using stainless steel crowns. The follow‑, up scheme of 6, 12, and 18 months was set, and teeth evaluation was conducted by a calibrated pediatric dentist based on the modified criteria proposed by Zurn and Seale. The results were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation analysis with the P = 0. 05 as the level of significance. Results: The clinical success rate was 100% in both groups after all follow‑, ups. The radiographic success rate was, however, 91. 1% after 6. 75. 6% after 12 and 18 months in Group II while it was 95. 6% after 6, 91. 1% after 12 and 18 months in Group I in those follow‑, up points. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results, Allium sativum oil has a high clinical and radiographic success rate comparable to those of MTA.

The use of dental materials in the human mouth is not possible except by relying on physiological, biological, pathological studies and the study of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Pulp capping is a treatment to deal with cases of reversible pulpitis that initiates the formation of reparative dentin so that vitality and tissue function can be maintained. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a pulp capping material has shown promising results in clinical trials. The success of pulp capping treatment can be seen from reparative dentin formation through histological examination. The aim is to determine the potential use of MTA as a pulp capping material against reparative dentin formation. Secondary data from several search engines such as ProQuest, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, and Wiley appropriate with keywords were obtained through 334 journals. Journals were filtered and identified by title, abstract, and keywords with a total of 28 journals; then, they were re-filtered by considering the complete contents yielding five journals. All the research journals reviewed in this literature revealed that pulp capping with MTA on permanent human teeth could form reparative dentin. One research journal only investigated the absence of reparative dentin; two other research journals used the location of the formation of reparative dentin against medicament.In contrast, the other two journals utilized the thickness of reparative dentin as the assessment criteria. MTA as pulp capping material for reversible pulpitis treatment can form reparative dentin that could be seen from the histological examination. The quality of reparative dentin can be evaluated based on the thickness of the reparative dentin and the location of the reparative dentin formation against pulp capping material.

Background: This study clinically and histologically compared the human pulp response to direct pulp capping (DPC) with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and propolis in 2 months. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial evaluated 41 premolars candidate for extraction due to orthodontic purposes of patients between 15 and 25 years of age. A group of 5 was separated randomly as the negative control. The remaining teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 12 after mechanical exposure of the pulp by bur in high‑, speed handpiece under air and water spray. The exposed areas were capped with MTA, Biodentine, or propolis. Glass ionomer was applied as base over the cap. The teeth were restored with composite resin. Patients were recalled in 2 months for clinical and radiographic examinations and also pulp vitality test. Teeth were then extracted. Slides were prepared and tissue sections were evaluated for the presence and severity of inflammation, dentinal bridge, and continuity. Data were analyzed using the Chi‑, square and Fisher’, s exact tests. Results: The clinical success rate was 100% in the MTA and 91. 7% in both the propolis and Biodentine groups. The presence and severity of pulpal inflammation and dentinal bridge formation were similar in all the experimental groups (P > 0. 05). Dentinal bridge formation was similar in the MTA and Biodentine groups and was higher than in the propolis group. Continuation of dentinal bridge in the MTA group was significantly higher than that in the Biodentine and propolis groups (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: MTA, Biodentine, and propolis are equally effective for DPC.

Objectives: The combination of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) has been recently introduced as an intracanal medicament. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects of MTA mixed with 2% chlorhexidine gel on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and compare it with other common endodontic regeneration medicaments. Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of six experimental groups against Enterococcus faecalis was determined. The study groups consisted of RetoMTA mixed with 2% chlorhexidine gel (MTA+CHX), calcium hydroxide (CH), CH mixed with CHX gel, two concentrations of double antibiotic paste, and 2% CHX. The direct cytotoxic effect of minimum bactericidal concentration was evaluated by MTT on PDLSCs on days 1, 3, and 7. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for data analysis (P<0. 05). Results: The viability of cells treated with MTA+CHX decreased significantly over time (P<0. 05) making this group the most cytotoxic intracanal medicament on the 3rd and 7th days of treatment. On day one, the highest viability percentage was detected in the CH+CHX group followed by the CHX group. On day 3, CH+CHX and CHX groups displayed the highest viability percentage. On day 7, the highest viability was observed in the CHX group, which showed no significant difference with the control group (P=0. 12). Conclusion: Regarding the antimicrobial potency of intracanal medicaments at minimum bactericidal concentration levels, CHX gel appears to be the least cytotoxic drug, while MTA+CHX shows the highest reduction in viability percentage

Background: Coronal seal is one of the essential factors that affects the success of endodontic treatment and reinforces the apical seal. The intra‑orifice barrier is an efficient alternative approach to decrease coronal leakage in endodontically treated teeth and various materials have been used for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the coronal sealing of flowable composite, resin‑modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in endodontically treated teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 35 single‑canal canine teeth were divided into five groups, including flowable composite, RMGI, MTA, positive control, and negative control groups. The teeth were filled with restorative materials according to the factory’s instructions. Afterward, the samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 1 week at 37°C and 100% humidity condition. Finally, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope with ×10. Data were analyzed with Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 0. 05). Results: The positive control group showed the highest amount of dye penetration compared to other groups (12. 34 ± 0. 46). Dye penetration in the MTA group was significantly lower (4. 25 ± 0. 31) compared to the RMGI group (5. 94 ± 0. 24) (P = 0. 02). Moreover, while the dye penetration in the MTA group was lower than in the flowable composite group (5. 65 ± 0. 26), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. 12). Conclusion: MTA reduces the coronal leakage and provides an acceptable coronal seal in endodontically treated teeth, especially compared to RMGI, and therefore, using MTA as an intra‑orifice barrier increases the endodontic treatment success rate