The present study aims to determine the effect of the developed parallel process model on the resilience of spouses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans. This quasi-experimental investigation comprised 30 spouses of veterans diagnosed with PTSD, segregated into two distinct groups during the year 2023: an intervention group, consisting of 15 individuals, and a control group of equal size. To gather data for this study, a demographic questionnaire capturing information on age, veteran percentage, education level, and occupation, alongside the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), was utilized. Preceding the intervention, the intervention group exhibited a mean resilience score of 45.06 (SD=3.82), which increased to 61.13 (SD=4.92) after the intervention, indicating a statistically significant difference as determined by the paired t-test (P<0.01). Conversely, in the control group, the resilience rate was 46.53 (SD=5.71) before the intervention and 47.00 (SD=6.20) after the intervention; however, the paired t-test did not reveal a significant difference (P=0.7). In sum, the implementation of educational methodologies grounded in theoretical frameworks and cognitive models emerges as a pivotal factor in augmenting the adaptation and resilience levels of spouses of veterans grappling with PTSD.

Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder in people traumatized by war includes a set of clinical symptoms such as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training the therapeutic reconsolidation process model on improving executive functions, increasing cognitive flexibility, and modifying schemas related to post-traumatic stress disorder in neuropsychiatric veterans above 25%. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study in a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a 45-day follow-up was conducted on the neuropsychiatric veterans above 25%. 40 people were randomly selected and assigned into the experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The therapeutic reconsolidation process model training was held for the experimental group in 12 sessions (90 minutes once a week). The research tools included the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Findings: In different study stages, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of response inhibition in the Stroop test, subscales of cognitive flexibility, compatible emotional schemas, and correct answers in the Wisconsin test, and a significant decrease in the mean scores of incompatible emotional schemas and incorrect answers in Wisconsin test, in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic reconsolidation process model is effective in improving executive functions, increasing cognitive flexibility, and modifying schemas related to post-traumatic stress disorder in neuropsychiatric veterans above 25%.

Background: In Iran, one of the main duties of forensic psychiatrists is to accurately diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In order to achieve a more accurate diagnosis and reduce the possibility of deception, the autonomic reactions of patients with PTSD were investigated through virtual reconstructed trauma. Methods: The autonomic activities of 80 patients who were diagnosed with PTSD by psychiatric interview based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) and PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) checklists, were recorded by an electronic wristband through virtual trauma exposure. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software, version 16. Results: The galvanic skin response, heart rate, and body temperature can be the most reliable automatic reactions to diagnose true cases of PTSD. Conclusion: The findings of this study along with psychometric tests can be used to distinguish between true cases of PTSD and fake cases.

Introduction: Oncology staff is increasingly being prone to secondary traumatic stress (STS). Secondary traumatic stress results from exposure to persons who have experienced trauma and from giving care to such persons. The presence of STS among oncology staff are reported in some studies recently. Material and Methods: This correlation descriptive study examined STS among oncology staff at a 96-bed hospital by determining the presence of personal symptoms and frequency with which diagnostic criteria for STS are being. In this study, 37 staff members from a referral oncology center in south-west of Iran completed the questionnaires. The STS scale assessed the frequency of intrusion, avoidance, and arousal symptoms based on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria.Results: In this study prevalence of STS among oncology staff was 35%. Most common symptoms were cued physiological reaction, sense of reliving clients' trauma, Irritability, and easily startled. Least common were emotional numbing, Detachment from others, and avoidance of people.Conclusion: Further attention is warranted evaluating STS symptoms in different groups of oncology staff along with the effect of STS on burnout and job retention. Because STS symptoms can develop over time, they need to be recognized and interventions should be offered to staff.

The study aimed to explore the influence of legal status on mental health outcomes among immigrants, seeking to identify the main themes that characterize the interplay between legal precarity and psychological well-being. This qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews with 28 participants, representing a diverse array of legal statuses, national origins, and experiences. The study focused on capturing the depth and complexity of immigrants' experiences related to their legal status and its impact on their mental health. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data, with a focus on achieving theoretical saturation to ensure the comprehensiveness of the identified themes. Five main themes were identified: Legal Uncertainty, Socioeconomic Impact, Cultural and Identity Challenges, Psychological Well-being, and System Navigation. Each theme comprised various categories and concepts, such as Stress and Anxiety, Employment Challenges, Cultural Dislocation, Trauma and PTSD, and Legal System Navigation, highlighting the multifaceted impact of legal status on mental health. Participants reported significant stress and anxiety due to fears of deportation, employment insecurity, cultural and identity struggles, and challenges in accessing health care and legal services, all of which contribute to adverse mental health outcomes. The study concludes that the legal status of immigrants is a critical determinant of their mental health outcomes, with legal precarity exacerbating stress, anxiety, depression, and trauma. These findings underscore the need for policy reforms, targeted mental health services, and supportive interventions that address the unique challenges faced by immigrants. By understanding and mitigating the impacts of legal uncertainty and socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic barriers, it is possible to improve the mental health and well-being of immigrant populations.

Introduction: Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) has been recognized as a distinct disorder from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the eleventh revision of the disease classification system (ICD-11). The international trauma Questionnaires have been developed to measure C-PTSD. This study was conducted to enhance the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 18-item International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ-18 Items).Method: This research followed a descriptive-evaluative approach. The last version of ITQ was translated and back-translated, and its content validity was assessed through measurement and obtained above 0.70. The statistical population consisted of non-clinical married middle-aged women in the age range of 30 to 40 years who were registered in the comprehensive health services center electronic system of Bushehr province in the year 2022-2023. They responded to the questionnaires over a two-month period using a multistage cluster sampling method. To assess concurrent validity, the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire along with adverse childhood experiences were used. The data were analyzed employing confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficient analysis.Results: Findings indicated that, considering SRMR=0.56, RMSEA=0.61, TLI=0.943, CFI=0.959, and BIC=21879.875, the optimal fit was found in the second-order two-factor model. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between CPTSD and clinical anxiety and depression (p<0.01). Additionally, adverse childhood experiences showed a correlation (p<0.01).Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be stated that the Persian version of the ITQ-18 Items, by the ICD-11, exhibits appropriate psychometric properties.

Few would argue that parents experience intense and extreme distress when their children are being treated with cancer. Parents are present during upsetting procedures or treatments and struggle with their own anxiety and the disruption to their families. The journal of clinical oncology published an important study by Kazak et al that shows that 99% of parents of children under treatment for different type of cancer suffer from Posttraumatic stress Disorder (PTSD). Several factors may predict posttraumatic stress symptoms, including one's general level of distress (anxiety), parental resilience (benefits and attributions about the experience), and social support. Another important issue which has been reported by a study indicated that the intensity of the child's therapy does not effects parental PTSD, that time the diagnosis is only marginally related to PTSD, and that 83.8% of mothers and 75.5% of fathers of long-term childhood cancer survivors have PTSD. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) such as intrusive thoughts, physiologic arousal, and avoidance have been document in mothers and fathers of childhood cancer survivors, which can be measured by some kind of scales. Results of our research show that most useful measurer which have been used with psychologists and researchers for scaling PTSD and PTSS were these 3 measurers: 1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index(PTSD-RI): a20-item self-report measure with items paralleling the diagnostic criteria for PTSD.2. Impact of Events Scale–Revised (IES-R): a 22-item measurer which reflects the DSM-IV cluster criteria for PTSD. 3. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID): This interview includes items assessing each of the DSM-IV Diagnostic criteria for PTSD, plus current and lifetime (here defined as since cancer diagnosis) PTSD. Most of researches indicate that PTSD and PTSS are common among parents of children currently undergoing cancer treatment. Trauma informed psychological interventions can be used to help parents and families and it may be hypothesized that such supports empowers the parents positive cognitive functioning, which seems to be the best early protective factor against later PTSD symptoms. We suggest that more research on the psychosocial childhood cancer should be in processed.

This study compared the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), emotional freedom technique (EFT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating PTSD in patients who recovered from Covid-19 in Tabriz (Iran).The present study was quasi-experimental based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all female patients recovered from Covid-19 aged 25 to 60 years in Tabriz in 2021. forty-eight patients sampled using the purposeful sampling method and diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to three experimental groups(n=36) and one control group(n=12). Participants in EMDR and EFT sessions were treated individually in six 45 min sessions. Similarly, those who took part in the CBT sessions were treated in groups in 45 min sessions. All participants were evaluated in two pre-test and post-test stages by a post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the analysis of covariance. Post-test PTSDA scores were significantly reduced in three experimental groups (P <0.05). Additionally, a reduction in PTSD scores in the EMDR group was substantially more significant than in the CBT and EFT groups. Three EMDR, EFT and CBT psychotherapies relieved the symptoms in PTSD patients. However, according to the post-test results, EMDR intervention was more effective than CBT and EFT psychotherapy in reducing PTSD symptoms. Since, all the three methods can improve behavioral strategies by influencing irrational thoughts and emotion release, they are effective ways to reduce PTSD .