The purpose of this study is to identify the different dimensions of startup weekend event and to provide a model for its effectiveness. In this research, the mixed method (qualitative then quantitative) has been used. In the first phase of the research (qualitative phase), using the grounded theory, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 startup ecosystem experts by applying the snowball method, until the theoretical saturation was reached. The data obtained from the interview were coded in three stages: open, axial and selective, and finally the research model was presented. In the quantitative phase of the research, the research model was tested by presenting a questionnaire to the statistical population, which included 400 participants and event organizers across the country. Smart PLS and SPSS softwares were used to examine the relationships between the model variables. Findings show that the infrastructure and environment of a startup event can affect the effectiveness of the event. Event infrastructure includes the availability of economic conditions, the level of maturity of the ecosystem and the appropriate infrastructure for holding the event. The components of the event environment include the involvement of event organizers, audits, policy-making, facilitating international cooperation, sanctions, and government's dominant role in supporting the ecosystem.

Mosque, as the main axis of Islamic civilization and the first institution formed in Islam, has a very special position. Despite more than 70 thousand mosques, the limited use of this huge capacity in an Islamic country has caused its position to decline. In this study, using approach of participatory action researcha, concentrated effort has been made to generate ideas in the field of mosque with the ultimate goal of achieving its special position, called taraz mosque, in the startup event form. This issue is the first step in using the capacity of these events in serving the cultural issues. The idea of holding this event was planned for a year and it was held with two startup weekend events in the spring 2017 in Imam Sadiq University camp in Damavand during one month. This event is a reference for guiding and conducing the process of generating, collecting and promoting mosque ideas, team building, producing product, value creation and planning for its implementation to achieve a taraz mosque. Therefore, the main question in this study is what role taraz Mosque Startup weekend had in designing creative ideas? The main results of this action research are: formation, cultivation and implementation of creative ideas in the field of mosque until reaching to the minimum viable product (MVP). The ideas of "godly loan through mosque crowdfunding" and "Monitoring, evaluating and comparing the situation of mosques" were selected as the best ideas in this event.

Providing a comprehensive picture of the state of start-ups in a country can greatly contribute to optimal planning in this field. So far, no comprehensive research has been done in this field, therefore, in this research, using the qualitative research method and based on the opinions of experts in the fields of technology and innovation, technological governance, start-up technology, and economics, the issue has been investigated. In this regard, the position of start-up science and technology in the upstream documents, including the orders of the Supreme Leader, the principles of the constitution, general policies and the document of the Iranian Islamic basic model, etc., was examined and explained. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize strategic issues and actual and potential capacities. In this regard, by using the qualitative method (theme analysis) and using interviews with 12 experts and library study, codes (298numbers) were identified. Strategic issues include: platform building, agility, interaction, institutionalization, human power, innovation, application, policy, infrastructure, coordination, trust building, education, accessibility, exclusivity, law-oriented, security-oriented, technology-oriented, patronage and financing. Then the actual and potential capacities in this field were identified and finally, by using the quantitative research method (Friedman's test), strategic issues were ranked in the order of innovation, agility, application, and infrastructure in terms of importance in the field of business. Politicization, interactionism, platform building, power building and institutionalization are ranked from 1 to 9.

Today, startups continuously seek innovative strategies to stay competitive and accelerate growth. One such strategy gaining prominence is crowdsourcing, particularly in the realm of product development. Crowdsourcing leverages the collective intelligence and creativity of a diverse group of individuals to solve problems, generate ideas, and develop products. This approach not only democratizes innovation but also provides startups with access to a vast pool of talent and resources. This letter delves into the significance of crowdsourcing in startup product development, supported by recent research and case studies. Crowdsourcing represents a transformative approach to product development for startups, offering cost-effective, innovative, and agile solutions to complex challenges. By integrating crowdsourcing with lean startup methodologies, startups can harness the collective intelligence of a global talent pool, driving continuous innovation and market relevance. As the entrepreneurial landscape continues to evolve, embracing crowdsourcing will be essential for startups aiming to achieve sustainable growth and success.

Today, maintaining the competitiveness of innovation and economic growth and development by strengthening and promoting entrepreneurship is one of the most important economic concerns of the leaders of countries worldwide. The requirement for the development of productive entrepreneurship is to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem that provides smooth and favourable conditions for the growth and flourishing of entrepreneurial activities of high-growth companies and creative and innovative startups. In this research, an attempt has been made to present the evolutionary model of Iran's startup ecosystem. In the current research, 2 ecosystems have been studied and investigated. The method of collecting information is library-based and based on the official statistics of the Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute and the official website of the World Bank and FAVA (Iranian Technology and Information Organization), GNOME Institute, the Central Bank and the Department of Statistics and Information of Iran. This article has three phases. The first phase is to determine the components and factors that define the startup ecosystem, and the relationship between them is also examined. The map produced in phase one and the presentation of the maturity model for the evolution process of the ecosystem under it. In this phase, the mixed method of literature review and a panel of experts has been used. The third phase aims to refine and validate the evolutionary and maturity model presented in the second phase. Following the necessity of adopting a comprehensive approach to the category of promoting and supporting productive entrepreneurship which leads in the current research, the elements are explained and the nature of the startup ecosystem is taken into consideration, and according to the nature of the startup ecosystem and the need to create systemic changes And comprehensively, in this approach in three phases and case research in three regions, we achieved a mature and evolved model in Iran's startup ecosystem.

Wastewater is the main point-source pollutant on a global scale. Between 90 and 95% of the sewage produced in the world is released into the environment without any treatment. Development of petrochemical industry in IRAN, construction of new plants and up gradation of existing units, has lead to generate more wastewater of higher strength. Some kinds of aerobic and anaerobic processes are applied for treatment of this type of wastewater. Performances during startup of a anaerobic hybrid reactor (UASB/Filter) treating petrochemical wastewater at mesophilic condition were investigated. The reactor was seeded with flocculent sludge from a UASB plant treating dairy wastewater. The reactor was run for 5 months without adaptation but it was unsuccessful. Hence the adaptation of sludge considered in 2 stage operation. At the first stage, the synthetic wastewater made from dry milk was fed to the reactor. After 65 days, the performance of reactor was 77.8 percent at OLR=2.0 kg/m3 day and HRT=18 hrs. Then in stage 2, The COD part of feed related to petrochemical wastewater increased step by step at 10 percent increments (increased COD mass of petrochemical wastewater by 10% per cycle) and injected to reactor completely from petrochemical wastewater. After 30 weeks, a COD removal of 70.3% was obtained at OLR=2.0 kg/m3 day and HRT=18 hrs.

The purpose of this study was to provide a background model for startup development in sports in the country. This research had a qualitative approach that was implemented as a grounded theory. The statistical population of the present study included professors and managers aware of the field of research and activists in the field of sports startups. The sampling method was purposeful in a standard type and continued to the point of theoretical saturation. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that issues such as human resources, financial characteristics, idea characteristics, legal characteristics and infrastructure characteristics and cultural conditions were identified as background factors. The results also showed that personality traits, individual abilities, market characteristics and risk in the idea are identified as intervening factors in this area. The development of start-ups in the country's sports can have positive effects in the personal, sports and intellectual fields, and this issue considers the necessity of executive activities in this field more and more important.

The main reason underlying attention to startup companies is due to their positive impact on economic indicators and their role in increasing employment rates in different communities. However, the great problem confronting this business field relates to the high failure rate. The absence of proper management of human resource is one of the main causes of this failure. Therefore, the question is “, How can an appropriate model of human resource management be achieved for such companies? ”,To find an answer, a developmental research was designed through a qualitative approach using the grounded theory. Data collected by indepth interviews with 22 academic experts and senior executives of start-up companies, selected on the basis of purposeful sampling method through theoretical saturation, were analyzed by MAXQDA 2018 based on Carbin and Strauss systematic method and were coded. 1273 primary codes were identified in the open coding stage, from which 188 unique codes, with different frequencies, were obtained after screening and merging similar codes. They were finally classified into 55 subcategories and the final model was designed by formulating the relationships between the components. The findings indicated that carrying out human resource management model specific to startups, maximizes their growth rate and enhances interactive characteristics of the employees and creates a great competitive advantage for them in the startup ecosystem.