International environmental law is one of the new branches of international law that seeks to achieve goals such as protecting and supporting the life of various species of wild plants and animals, oceans, seas, air, soil and God-given nature in general. . Due to the modern growth and development of the human way of life, the global environment needs support and protection through the establishment and implementation of binding and non-binding legal rules. In the process of compiling and developing environmental law, like other branches of legal science, some principles have been formed. which are referred to as the main pillars and fundamental principles of international environmental law. These principles have not only played a significant role in the process of creating international environmental rules, but also in the process of implementing and interpreting environmental treaties and resolving disputes between countries in a peaceful manner and preventing the use of force to ensure global peace and security in the field of issues. related to the environment have also been important. Therefore, with the development of international relations and the occurrence of various developments, governments gradually realized the value of some beliefs in the fundamental principles of international environmental law, and the United Nations as a manifestation of the international community of some regulations He combined the international with the environment.

The discussion of "States' Obligations to Comply with the Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law", which is discussed in this paper in a descriptive-analytical manner from library and documentary sources, is one of the most important issues in international law because one of the most terrifying aspects today is the widespread deterioration of the environment, especially during activities such as the establishment of chemical plants and the outbreak of conflict, where nature and the environment is the first and weakest victim. Therefore, in order to protect the environment, and in particular, the international environment, countries and international legal institutions, have set and developed rules. These are international treaties that have been drafted globally and regionally and have made binding commitments to them in this regard. Now we must continue to protect the environment both in times of conflict and in times of peace, and this study seeks to explain how and on what basis the environment can and should be protected and held governments accountable. The internationalization of governments is the result of a gross violation of environmental principles based on which international principles and rules, and its theoretical foundations are described. This responsibility is an obligation imposed on each member of the international community, and in the event of a breach of that obligation, the government will be liable for damages. The process of international responsibility resulting from gross environmental violations has undergone relatively positive changes and many ups and downs. over time but these developments have been very slow and time consuming. In a way, it may not be far from the truth to say that the process of change in this area has been much slower than in other areas of international law. This study concludes that the international liability of states resulting from gross environmental violations in the present age is generally subject to the general rules of international liability in public international law.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: Since the 1980s, ocean fertilization has attracted much attention among various methods of climate engineering. Some foreign researchers have examined ocean fertilization from environmental, legal, and commercial perspectives. since 2007, as the London Convention / Protocol regulates ocean fertilization, and then with the adoption of the 2013 Amendment to the London Protocol on this technology, Legal research in this area has been Increased. Although the ocean fertilization process has not yet been widely operated and remains at a limited experimental level, but legal research has been written specifically to examine the conventional position of this technology. The present article aims to explore ocean fertilization technology as one of the methods to deal with global warming, to examine its potential environmental benefits and challenges, and to examine the approach of the principles of international environmental law to this challenging technology. Methodology: Data collection of this research is library method and the procedure is descriptive analytical,Accordingly, after describing the process of ocean fertilization, it is most important environmental consequences have been studied, and finally, how international environmental law has dealt with this emerging technology has been analysed and Finally, we analyze this emerging technology in the context of the principles of international environmental law. Findings: By strengthening the biological pump of the ocean, ocean fertilization as one of the new ways to deal with climate change, seeks to increase the absorption of carbon dioxide by the ocean and ultimately deal with global warming. Countering global warming, increasing of the fish resources, promote marine scientific research and the carbon trade have been cited as potential benefits of ocean fertilization, but in addition to these benefits, the possibility of environmental problems such as ocean acidification, toxic algal blooms and anoxia is not out of the question. The transboundary environmental effects of ocean fertilization — whether in the internal waters It is a testament to the need to intervene of international environmental law to regulate this technology and its consequences. Therefore, in the present article, we intend to examine the role of the principles of international environmental law in responding to issues arising from the ocean fertilization and its regulation and elimination of its treaty gaps. Conclusion: The ocean fertilization can be described as a double edged sword that on the one hand is able to overcome one of the most important environmental challenges of the present age, namely global warming and consequently climate change, and on the other hand is the cause of marine environmental damage. First of all, the findings of the present paper show that, there is insufficient scientific certainty about the environmental consequences of ocean fertilization, and further studies and experiments are needed to achieve scientific certainty. Second, a review of international treaties that have addressed this technology directly or indirectly shows that the Biodiversity Conventions, the London Convention / Protocol, have severely restricted ocean fertilization, citing scientific uncertainty and the need for a precautionary approach. But they face criticism such as non-global participation and an absolutely negative attitude. And Third, in the circumstances mentioned, the application of the principles of international environmental law to fill existing gaps and complete treaty documents can be very helpful.

Almost all principles of international law of environment can be applied to prove the concept of sustainable development: principle of sovereignty over natural resources, principle of commitment to cooperation, offering information and help in environmental emergencies, principle of support and protection of the environment, obligation of environmental polluters to pay compensation, principle of prevention, and principle of precaution.Although the degree of their obligation is different, these principles should be considered as a whole because each one complements the other. The concept of sustainable development, however, is more obvious among the concepts of international law of the environment than the principles. The present article studies the principles together with the concepts related to sustainable development in the international law of environment.

Biotechnology allows exploitation of biomass and biodiesel in providing fuel through protecting biodiversity and developing novel strategies including strategies for removal of water, soil and weather pollutants; and it provides opportunities for development of international environmental law by providing opportunities for utilization of exploitability of genetic materials resulting from fossilized remains of extinct flora and fauna species aiming at simulation of extinct species. Through providing alternative strategies instead of traditional methods for protection of environment and prevention of any damaged incurred on it, it can significantly help the development of international law in this respect. While biotechnology plays a significant role in the development of international environmental law, the unknown poisonous composites, allergic responses, and unpredictable genetic pollutions resulting from supplying poisonous organism due to intervention in existing organisms can pave the way for destruction and pollution of the environment. The positive consequences of this technology and its negative effects are determinants accelerating the change in international society attitude towards the significance and the necessity of protection of the environment, finally leading to increased development of international environmental law. Focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of biotechnology, this study is concerned with how biotechnology can serve the development of international environmental law. While the positive aspects of biotechnology shouldn't be ignored, it is necessary to give due attention to its consequences and effects.

The “principle of prevention” in respect of economic benefit and ecological aspect is a golden rule. The reasons for this are as follows: 1. because of legal and technological reasons, establishing a relationship between the harmful act with damages to the environment is so difficult, 2. due to special nature of the environment, the compensation for such damages is often impossible, and in case of possibility, it would require exorbitant cost as well as long period of time. By considering the above facts, deployment of new environmental principles, especially ‘The precautionary principle’ for protecting the environment and strengthening deterrence policy has gained a central importance. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explain this principle from different dimensions and its position in international environmental law.

The purpose of the philosophy of international law of Environment, is the general views of the governing science of law in general and international environmental law in particular. Two subjects are involved in the philosophy of international law of Environment, which is basis and the other is goal of the law. The philosophy of international law of environment overlaps substantially with the philosophical work of environmental ethics. International environmental law by establishing mechanisms for continuous and permanent international cooperation among governments, many of which come from treaties The internationally-fueled, has shown how environmental degradation threatens international peace and security as an opportunity for international convergence. it is mentioned that, The discussion of the philosophy of international environmental law will result in dual outcomes, depending on whether the material or divine attitude. The purpose of this article is to educate environmentalists with different views of environmental philosophy in today's world.

The hypothesis is shared by the third generation of human rights. Therefore, the researcher has to deal with international law issues, sustainable development of the environment, and the effects of the use of fossil fuels, which should be the concept of the environment from the concept of soft, The whole world of law becomes international. If the path to global development is to use more energy and the possibility of environmental pollution, it will take a large part of the minds of scientists Allocated complex social relationships and the type of behavior and interaction of man and the environment And the negative effects of human intervention in the natural order require the rule of law and its enforcement, and this issue is true both in developed and developing societies.The environment is an issue that can no longer be discussed and acted on as an island today.The environment is an issue that can no longer be discussed and acted on as an island today.