پژوهشِ حاضر از منظرِ روش شناسی کیفی به بررسی تفاوت‎های موجود در نوعِ موسیقی مصرفی جوانان شهر تهران و تفسیر ایشان از آن می‎پردازد. جهتِ فهمِ جامعه شناسانۀ تفاوت‎های مصرفِ موسیقی جوانان این موضوع از رهگذرِ سرمایۀ فرهنگی_ که عاملانِ اجتماعی با توجه به جایگاه اجتماعی شان آن را کسب کرده‎اند،_ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به داده‎های متنی پژوهش، پژوهشگران از میان روش های کیفی روشِ تحلیلِ محتوای کیفی را انتخاب کرده‎اند. داده های پژوهش از طریقِ مصاحبۀ نیمه ساخت یافته با مشارکت کنندگانِ پژوهش گردآوری شده است. با توجه به اهدافِ پژوهش جریانِ انتخاب مشارکت کنندگان بر مبنای نمونه گیری هدفمند صورت یافته است. پژوهشِ حاضر تفاوت‎هایی که میان کنشگرانِ جوانِ با سرمایۀ فرهنگی متفاوت در حوزۀ مصرفِ موسیقی و تفسیر آن وجود دارد را در قالبِ مفاهیم و مقولاتی نشان داده است. این مفاهیم و مقولات عبارت‎اند از: 1. ذائقۀ تربیت شده و ذائقۀ حسی 2. هارمونی و شوریدگی 3. رهنمون‎های مذهبی: مواجۀ نقدآمیز و مواجۀ طردآمیز 4. شنیدن ناشنیدنی ها و دیدن نادیدنی ها و 5- بخشی از ما. نتایج پژوهشِ حاضر نشان می‎دهد، مادامی که کنشگرانِ اجتماعی در سطحِ بالایی از سرمایۀ فرهنگی قرار دارند، در زمینۀ مصرفِ موسیقی به سمت نوعی فرهنگ گرایی رغبت و گرایش دارند. اما در نقطۀ مقابل کسانی که سرمایۀ فرهنگی به میزان اندکی در اختیار دارند به طبیعت نزدیکتر هستند. به عبارتی، ایشان قادر نیستند خود را وارد کدهایی کنند که با آن بتوانند موسیقی هایی نظیر سنتی، کلاسیک غربی یا موسیقی باروک را بازشناسی کنند. بنابراین از دو مفهومِ محوری فرهنگ‎گرایی و طبیعت‎گرایی جهت صورت‎بندی کردند،‎توان استفاده کرد.

The tourism destination image is one of the most important and debatable topics in marketing research in the tourism industry. Because, it influences both the choice of travel destination and the future behavior of tourists. Despite the importance of this concept in the development of the tourism industry, the subject of the image in studies of Iranian tourism has not received notable attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tourist images from Tabriz metropolitan before and after their trip. The research was conducted by descriptive-analytical and survey methods. In this regard, a well-defined questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study analysis has been done by using descriptive statistics analysis, one-sample t-test, paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient method(s). The results of this study showed that visiting of Tabriz city caused a significant positive change in the tourist image. There is also a significant positive correlation between tourists' image with their willingness to re-travel to this city. Recreation, leisure activities, and visiting of tourist attractions were the most effective motivations for traveling and choosing of Tabriz as a travel destination. The important point in conjunction with the ways of getting information of the tourist’ s destination is that the significant development of social Medias operate as new forms of word of mouth advertising alongside its traditional form (friends and acquaintances) in producing the tourist's previous cognition and images prior to their trips to the our case study. The results of the present study would be beneficial for image management and tourism development activities of Tabriz metropolitan.

Background and Objectives: Historical contexts are the relative advantage of old cities, which can attract both human and economic capital in urban competitiveness approaches. However, this advantage becomes a competitive one when the place brand can create a unique valuable image in the minds of its stakeholders. Therefore, any planning and designing to promote the brand of the place requires accurate identification of the current situation and perception of the beneficiaries of that place. Consequently, it is very important to examine the mental image of the internal stakeholders of that place, including residents, business owners, and citizens, all of which determine the internal brand of the context. The urban context is only successful in satisfying external stakeholders, including tourists and investors, once it creates value, a positive image, or satisfaction for its internal stakeholders. Therefore, this study was first conducted to investigate the perception of the internal brand of the historical context of Isfahan and to know what factors shape the mentality of internal stakeholders in the perception of the brand of the historical context of Isfahan and also what the current status of its brand image is. Methods: The methodology used is organized and implemented based on the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. Considering this theory, recognition of the phenomenon or the presentation of the theory comes from the data collected. Based on their systematic collection and analysis, it is rooted in the conceptual data. The purpose of a grounded theory is to provide an abstract analytical framework for a process, action, or interaction. Based on this fact, in this research, the emotions, feelings, and behavior of the internal stakeholders in the context are investigated using open-ended qualitative interviews. The data gathered is used to analyze and interpret the perception of the context for discovering their concepts and relations and organize them in the form of a necessary theoretical explanatory plan. Therefore, by conducting in-depth interviews with 245 people in five historical neighborhoods of Jubareh Dardasht, Jolfa, Takht-e Foulad, and Naqsh-e Jahan, the internal image of the place brand was investigated and analyzed. Findings: The data gathered helped us extract 72 key concepts and 19 main categories. The results indicate that the brand image of the historical context of Isfahan-from the stakeholders’ internal point of view-is consisted of tangible and intangible cultural heritage attractions, social compatibility versus social conflict, economic activities, and social interaction that is affected by factors such as physical and social issues. These involve the degree of desire to reach the context in various aspects, such as residence, investment, and visiting and spending leisure time. However, in some historic neighborhoods, it leads to economic stagnation, lack of social vitality, and capital withdrawal. The dominant mental image of the audience in Jubareh neighborhood is based on its social identity and the Jewish residence. In Jolfa neighborhood, it is based on the social and economic identity of the Armenian population. The entertainment and leisure activities and shopping in Dardasht neighborhood are considered because of its tangible and intangible cultural identity, including religious occasions and historical monuments. In Naqsh-e Jahan neighborhood, it is based on its cultural and economic identity, including its great square and large handicrafts market. And finally, in Takht-e Foulad neighborhood, in its ritual religious, cultural ceremonies, and identity. Conclusion: In a comparative study of the related literature review with the findings of this grounded theory research, the conceptual model of the internal brand image creation of the historical context of Isfahan indicates two stages of cognitive factors and emotional factors. The cognitive stage includes tangible and intangible cultural heritage attractions, economic activities, social and physical issues, structural capital of urban management, and local lifestyle. The emotional stage also indicates interaction and adaptation versus social conflict, stakeholders’ religious values on the one hand, and the manifestation of religious values in the place. On the other hand, belonging to the context versus not belonging and the existence and symbolic human capital causes motivation or lack of motivation to participate in the context. These two stages create an attitude of the place in the mind of the stakeholders that leads to the process of creation of the brand image in the behavioral stage. Then, based on the interests of the stakeholders, willingness or unwillingness to live, invest, spend leisure time, do shopping, and visit is manifested, and of course, it is associated with the existence or lack of economic and human capital, economic and social vitality in the context.

One of the concepts that is expected to change as cities become smarter is the concept of citizen participation in urban planning and urban management. Especially in a city like Tehran where the level of participation is far from the desired point. The problem is that if the emergence of digital cities and the smartening of cities in different dimensions and aspects affect the city and urbanization, city management and life in cities, it is a participation - which is a very important concept and potentially useless. Counting is in urban management - what effect does it have and what changes will the future of citizen participation in the context of smart and dynamic cities see? Descriptive-analytical research, while using the methods and tools of documentary studies in the field of theoretical foundations and research suggestions and then based on the survey strategy (Citizens' Questionnaire and Experts' and Experts' Questionnaire), tried to collect data. And then analyze them. The results indicate the confirmation of the research hypothesis, because the score of the propositions is higher than the acceptable minimum (3.1) and the standard deviation is below 1 in almost all cases. The one-sample t-test also showed that the propositions were confirmed. The result of the research includes the presentation of dimensions, components and indicators of participation in a smart and dynamic city in Tehran as a panoramic model of the Iranian city.

Problem statement: Nowadays, considering the age of globalization, urban branding is reflected very important by means of a great opportunity for cities existing in global competition. In this regard, the main purpose of urban branding is creating an attractive image for the city and the urban branding approach has centered on the concept of the city’ s image. For urban branding and effectiveness of city, the image of the city can be a tool and even a goal. Research objectives: Regarding the importance of this issue, the objectives of this research are theoretical explanation of the components of city image and their relation to urban branding. Research methods: The present study was conducted as a descriptive-analytic theoreticalpractical study. The method of data collection is documentary-libraries. Conclusion: The image of the city is formed in two ways: direct (experience of the environment) and indirect (influenced by the advertisement). Undoubtedly, it has a primary component which includes the design dimensions, physical structures, cognition, awareness, and the functional dimension of the environment. On the other hand, it includes the complementary component that encompasses the evaluative, affective, likeability, and emotional dimensions. They are formed after understanding the primary component. Branding focuses on the concept of image and utilizes physical, socio-cultural and infrastructural techniques to influence the primary component of the image. By this way, it also makes the space more attractive for the complementary component to emerge. The advertising technique also enhances the influence and impact of the two mentioned components in branding and ultimately enhances the image from the exterior point of view (tourists) and the interior point of view(citizens).

One of the important principles of Iranian-Islamic cities is the cohesion and unity in the city structure. The past cities of Iran had a main structure which encompassed the main elements and performances of the city and was continuing at the districts levels in hierarchical form. In addition to the increase of readability and giving identity to the city and district, it used to give an effective and coherent form to the cities. The researches made by thinkers such as Linch shows that using the mental image of the city structure, humans deal with finding the direction and route. So, it is necessary that in the urban plans, attention to be paid to the mental image of the users of the city, so that the efficiency of the main structure could be reinforced to back up the behavioral models (movement) among the inhabitants. As according to the formal statistics, annually about 17 million of passengers enter into Mashhad and about 3 millions people are inhabiting in this city. The management of the behavioral models of inhabitants and pilgrims to remove the problems of this city is inevitable. It seems that the basic structure of Mahshad and the mental structure dominating over the users of this space are not compatible with each other. This is the main factor accounting for the urban problems including traffic in Mashhad. In order to prove this hypothesis, this research has dealt with the study of the degree of adaptation of the basic structure of Mashhad city and the mental structure of the inhabitants and pilgrims in Mashahad through the methods of space arrangement analysis methods. Analyses show that the mental map of the inhabitants and pilgrims of Mashhad does not have a common points with the main structure designed for this city with the exception of a few points. This subject can be one of the main causes of traffic problems in Mashhad city. This point makes necessary further notice to the mental image of people in the future plans for Mashhad city.

Tehran as a symbol of Iranian modernity has been considered in many Iranian fiction films. Representation of Tehran in cinema can be the representation of Iranian modernity revolution. This study focuses on the representation of urban image in Iranian fiction films through critical theories such as Simmel or Benjamin opinions. In this article we discus about the mediator role of cinema for representing the Urban life Image and confliction of modernity in Iran. Meanwhile some megalopolis such as Paris, Berlin, Moscow, New York and sanpitersboorg est. have had great opportunity for understanding confliction of modernity in their situation, Tehran has never have that chance. Regarding to this vacuum we want to explain the role of Iranian fiction films for understanding the entrance of modernity consequences in different eras. We believed that fiction films can represent confliction of city and village, represent of modern dualities, non-cohesive rationality and many other gaps in Iranian modernity that we have to know.