Rooster's eye has been used a lot in Shahnameh and other contexts. Poets and authors, following their ancestors, have talked about it as a symbol of beautification, purity, and redness; however rooster's eye doesn't have any of these features, nor are these features important enough to be noticed by poets. Researchers have mentioned some opinions to match these features with rooster's eye, and paying attention to the importance of rooster in ancient Iran. They believe the idea of rooster's eye comes from that culture. They often match it with its Arabic equivalent Ayn-al-dic, and even its Greek equivalent Adonis. Going through the texts shows something that has not so far been noticed. In this article, offering some evidence, we have tried to show the concepts of rooster's eye as pheasant's eye. Pheasant has been used in texts as rooster and moor rooster. It has beautiful eyes and beautification, purity, and redness are confirmed to pheasant's eye.

This article is about the relationship between socio-political developments and modern art in Iran from 1941 to 1953. After the abdication of Reza Shah, cultural policies were based on cultural nationalism discourse on the one side, and on the other side on the ideology of Marxism. From the early 1940s, another type of nationalism which was influenced by the nationalization of oil industry emerged in Iran. This new discourse is known as liberal nationalism. The authors believe that no comprehensive research has been done regarding the relation between nationalization of oil industry and artistic works and movements in the history of contemporary Iranian art. Therefore, the main problem of this article is the lack of attention to the mentioned relationship. Research issues have been analyzed by studying the rooster as symbol, as well as the formation of Khorous Jangi movement and Apadana gallery, which started working at the same time as the National Front. Therefore, the question is how the nationalization of oil industry affected the formation of movements and works of arts. The results of this research indicate that the coincidence of the movements and works of arts with the formation of National Front is not accidental. In other words, Khorous Jangi and Apadana, as pioneering artistic movements influenced by the discourse of the National Front, intended to create a national art in accordance with Iranian identity. In fact, the artist reacted to the political and social developments in accordance with his knowledge and social position as well as aesthetic attitude. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the collection of data is based on library references.

This study was aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular tissues of rooster. Ghrelin is a pleiotropic regulator of a wide array of endocrine and non-endocrine functions. In the mammal, the expression of ghrelin and its receptors in the gonads, the effect of ghrelin on the control of gonadal function as well as the direct effects of ghrelin on control of testicular secretion and cell proliferation has been reported, however, the expression and/or functional role of ghrelin has not been studied in gonads of non-mammalian species until now. In those study, the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular tissues of rooster, using mouse monoclonal anti ghrelin antibody as the primary antibody and donkey anti rabbit IgG (HRP conjugated) and polyclonal antibody as the secondary antibody was investigated. The testis samples were collected from five roosters (45 day olds) and kept in 10% formalin for IHC analysis. Then paraffin blocks and histological section for IHC test were prepared. Evaluation of the pattern of cellular expression of ghrelin protein in rooster testis using immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ghrelin peptide was located in the interstitial leydig, sertoli cells, and germ cells. We have suggested that the ghrelin expression in germ cells, leydig cells and sertoli cells may indicate its role in the local regulation. This is the first study to provide molecular evidence for the presence of ghrelin within the entire testicular tissues of rooster.

Satire which consists in critical innuendos to social viles and evils without direct derision aims at righting the wrongs and improving human frailties., Some have regarded satire as paradoxical, artistic, portrayal (narrative), with both social and literary values complementing each other. The literary worth of satire has to do with its specific rhetorical elements and the effective use of these elements. This paper examines Khoms Lari's Divan from the above perspective.Irony is the distinctive feature of the socio-political satires of the Divan which has given them a popular tone. Simile, however, with its dual part is the second characteristic of social satire. Symbolism, on the other hand, is the second characteristic of political satires. The reason for this is that the satirist is relatively at liberty to employ a range of images in his social satire but he is restricted in his political satires. Metaphor and Metonymy are the elements which are used i.nfrequently. in socio-political satires, but hyperbole is the element from which different forms of Imagery anse.

Some taxonomic and morphologic notes about the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae ) in Iran are here presented. More than 400 specimens were examined as well as extensive pieces of literature were analyzed. As a result, 17 taxa were recognized based on available literature. Information about their nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types ), main morphological features and diagnostic keys at species and infraspecific levels were prepared. Pictures of inflorescences, fruits and tepals of all taxa in Iran were also provided in order to obtain undoubted and clear descriptions of Amaranthus taxa in the country and a functional identification key on the basis of the features of the reproductive organs was constructed. The distribution of this genus in Iran has also been briefly discussed.

Antioxidant effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) was studied on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa and malondialdehyde production in 12 Ross 308 roosters at their 30 weeks of age. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage in 5 times. In each session after the initial sperm assessment, collected samples were pooled and diluted with Sexton extender. Samples were split into five parts and the concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 µ g/mL OLE were added to each part, then, the samples were incubated for 72 hours at 4 degree Celsius. Progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage and production of malondialdehyde were analyzed after 48 hours of storage. Adding 100 µ g/mL OLE to semen reduced malondialdehyde production (P<0. 05). Using 100 µ g/mL of olive leaf extract, progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm were higher compared to the control group after 48 and 72 hours of storage (P<0. 05). Using 200 µ g/mL of olive leaf extract, progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm were lower compared to the control group after 72 hours of storage (P<0. 05). Based on the results of this research, adding 100 µ g/mL OLE to diluent is recommended for rooster sperm storage at4 degree Celsius.

Beak lesions were observed in 50-weeks-old broiler breeder roosters reared under a separate sex mash diet feeding, with low in protein and energy for roosters. All roosters kept with hens showed deformities in the upper and lower beak but the lesions were not found in roosters kept separately. Hens’ feed troughs had been covered with galvanized wire grids to exclude the males eating from hens’ troughs. There was approximately 5% mortality among roosters with the beak lesions. A marked reduction (23%) on hatchability was observed, but no change in egg production occurred. The beak lesions were the major cause of male’s culling in the flock. Histopathological examination of the lesions revealed that the epidermis, keratin layer and underlying connective tissue of the beaks were severely affected by necrosis. Bacteriological cultures yielded, mainly, growth of hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus, and hematological tests showed a mild increase in the number of the white blood cells. The case reported here appeared to be a management-related problem. These findings have implications for poultry industry.

To evaluate the redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) reaction with a view to biological yield and seed production at interference with sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2006-7 in Tabriz. Results showed that, redroot pigweed biomass reduced with decreasing of density and delaying in emergence time. Averaged sunflower cultivars, seed production in redroot pigweed in treatment of 25 weeds m-2 at 15 days after emergence with sunflower was 1.7 times greater than full season interference of 8.3 weeds m-2. Averaged weed densities, with each week delay in redroot pigweed emergence at between first-second and second-third levels of weed interference, weed seed number per unit area ranged from 23 to 15×103, 55 to 23×103 and 45 to 62×103 in sunflower cultivars, respectively. Each day delay in weed emergence between second-third levels of interference time could decrease seed number per weed plant in Allstar greater than Azarghol and Hysun cultivars. Decrease of weed density and delaying in interference time caused a significant reduction on weed seed production index at interference with all cultivars.

Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the common weeds that grow in northwest of Iran. Pigweed poisoning was reported in cattle, sheep and pigs from United States, Canada, Brazil and Israel. This study was conducted to assess the clinical signs, clinical pathology and pathological findings in experimental pigweed poisoning in calves. Ten native calves aged 5 to 7 months were divided into two groups (experiment and control groups). The plant was collected from farms and fed to calves. One calf of experimental group died, without showing any clinical signs on day 38. Statistical analysis revealed an increase of serum creatinine, BUN, sodium and GGT. The significant elevation of creatinine, BUN and sodium indicated possible lesions of kidneys and of GGT might be indicative of hepatic lesions. Remarkable histopathological lesions were seen in liver, kidneys, lymph nods, heart and nervous system.