Background: One of the problems that female teachers experience is the conflict between work and family and vulnerability to emotional problems and depression is one of the consequences of this conflict. But can emotional therapy be effective in treating this depression? Aims: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on reducing depression in female teachers. Method: The design of this study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Data gathering tool is Beck Depression Inventory. The statistical population of the study was all female high school teachers in Qazvin in 1396. The sample consisted of 30 female teachers employed in secondary school, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 treatment sessions based on a researcher-made protocol (1397). Depression questionnaire scores were compared before and after the intervention in both experimental and control groups using analysis of covariance. groups. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in the depression score between the experimental and control groups and the effectiveness of emotionally-focused therapy on depression in female teachers. (p<0/001). Conclusions: Based on this, it can be said that the current treatment protocol is effective and can be used to reduce depression in female teachers.

Background and Objectives: Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents is associated with some psychological problems that require effective treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and sleep habits of children with social anxiety. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included primary school students in the fourth to sixth grades in Qom City, Iran in 2019 academic year. In total, 46 students whose scores were higher than 29.5 in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants answered the pre-test Emotion Regulation Checklist and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Afterward, the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the participants were evaluated at the post-test stage and the collected data were examined by analysis of covariance and SPSS software. Results: Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of emotion regulation and sleep habits variables of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.063, F10,23=34.182, P=0.001). The tests of univariate analysis of covariance also showed a significant increase in emotion regulation and a significant decrease in emotional lability/negativity and sleep disorders (except the sleep onset delay) in the intervention group after the therapeutic sessions. Conclusion: Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is an important and effective treatment for emotion regulation and sleep habits in socially anxious children who are referred to mental health professionals.

Introduction: Considering the severe psychological changes in adolescence and its effects on mental health, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) with and without emotion-focused family therapy (EFFT) on emotion processing, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of females aged 12 to 18 experiencing depression and anxiety. A total of 26 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 13. One group received 16 sessions of EFT, while the other group received 16 sessions of EFT combined with EFFT. Data were collected using the Buckler Emotional Processing Scales (EPS-25), the Deci and Ryan Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BNSG-S), and the Depression and Anxiety Syndrome Questionnaire (DASS-21) at pre-test, after the eighth session, at the end of the intervention, and two months post-intervention. The obtained data were then analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) through multivariate mixed variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: The results indicated significant differences in anxiety, depression, basic psychological needs, and emotional processing scores over time for both intervention methods (P<0.0001). Additionally, there was a significant difference between the two interventions regarding their effectiveness. Conclusion: Despite the effectiveness of both interventions, the group receiving EFFT had a greater decrease in anxiety, depression, and emotional processing scores and a greater increase in basic psychological need scores.

Abstract Background & Objectives: In recent years, with the appearance of new lifestyles, the family has been subjected to various disturbances. The increasing collapse of marital ties has become one of the devastating challenges of family life in our country. Attitudes towards infidelity can play a significant role in couples' tendency toward marital infidelity and divorce. Marital infidelity potentially disrupts couples' relationships and causes numerous disorders and psychological problems between individuals. Marital infidelity potentially disrupts couples' relationships and causes multiple disorders and psychological problems between individuals. Accordingly, appropriate interventions to reduce its negative effects seem very important. Thus, this study aimed to compare the impact of solution–focused therapy (SFT) and emotionally–focused therapy (EFT) on attitudes toward marital infidelity in married. Methods: The present quasi–experimental study has a single–subject in a multiple baseline design. The statistical population included all couples referred to counseling centers in Bushehr City, Iran, in 2019. From this population, 8 couples (16 men and women in total) entered the study by voluntary sampling method, and couples were randomly assigned to two gorups: solution–focused therapy (4 couples) and emotionally–focused therapy (4 couples). The inclusion criteria were as follows: having a positive attitude towards marital infidelity based on the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008) obtaining a score higher than 48, lacking a mental disorder confirmed by a clinical psychologist through an interview, lacking drug or alcohol addiction, no personality disorders, holding at least a diploma, being at least 20 years and at most 40 years old, living at least 3 years and at most 10 years of cohabitation at the time of research. The exclusion criteria were as follows: unwillingness to cooperate, not doing homework, participating in other programs simultaneously, and not participating in treatment sessions. Eight solution–focused therapy based and 10 emotionally–focused therapy sessions were each held for 90 minutes for both treatment groups. The data collection tool was the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008). For statistical analysis of data and scores obtained from evaluations in three stages of baseline, treatment, and a two–month follow–up, the visual drawing method, reliable change index (RCI), and recovery percentage formula were used. Results: The decreasing trend of marital infidelity attitude scores in the follow–up stage compared to the early stages and treatment in both groups showed the effectiveness of solution–focused therapy and emotionally–focused therapy on the marital infidelity attitude of the studied individuals. The results also showed that emotionally–focused therapy, with 38.12%, was more successful in reducing attitudes toward marital infidelity than solution–focused therapy, with 23.22%. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, solution–focused and emotionally–focused therapies reduced attitudes toward marital infidelity in married individuals. However, emotionally–focused therapy was more successful in lowering attitudes toward marital infidelity in married people than solution–focused therapy.

Introduction: Considering divorce and the factors affecting the way it is come up with, the present study aims to investigate the effect of excitement focused treatment on adjustment after divorcing women in Isfahan.Methods: The study has a semi experimental with pretest, posttest, control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study was all divorced women in Isfahan in year 2010 and 30 divorced women under coverage of assistance committee of Isfahan city which were randomly chosen and put in the two groups of experimental (15 peoples) and control (15 peoples). The research tool was a compatibility questionnaire after fisher's divorce (FDAS). Data analysis was conducted through covariance analysis in order to affect the excitement focused treatment on compatibility after divorce. The present study aims to determine the effect of excitement focused treatment on compatibility of divorced women in Isfahan.Results: The result of the study was that excitement focused treatment method was affected on increasing the divorced women’s self-esteem. Also, excitement focused treatment (EFT) shows that the rate of release in experimental group is more than the control group. There is a significant difference found between the average scores of the experimental and control groups (P<001).Conclusion: Therefore considering the findings of the study, it can be achieved that the excitement focused treatment on compatibility, improving the individuals’compability and reducing the negative consequences of divorce and life after it. Considering the results we can find strategies for improving the divorced women’s status in counseling centers and training workshops.

Aging is a biological process and a sensitive life stage marked by spontaneous, progressive, and irreversible physiological and psychological changes. During this phase, individuals encounter common mental health issues such as death anxiety and resilience, both of which can be improved with appropriate therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on death anxiety and resilience in older adults. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all older adults residing in all nursing homes in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 30 older adults (aged 60 to 90) residing in the Zagros Residential Care Center, selected through convenience sampling method and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control) during the winter of 2023. EFT was administered to the experimental group over eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive this therapy. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA in SPSS-26. The findings showed that although EFT reduced resilience in the experimental group in the post-test phase, had no significant effect on death anxiety. In other words, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups just in terms of resilience and its subscales (P<0.05) after the conduction of EFT. Therefore, EFT was effective in improving resilience among older adults. Hence, EFT is recommended as an effective method to improve the mental health of older adults, particularly in enhancing resilience.EXTENDED ABSTRACT IntroductionSocial, economic, technological changes and scientific advancements have led to improved living conditions, increased lifespan, and the phenomenon of aging in societies. The increase in the aging population has become one of the most significant challenges for healthcare providers, family members, and society, particularly in economic, social, and health contexts. As death has never been experienced and no one has vividly encountered it, everyone experiences some degree of death anxiety. However, the intensity varies based on certain factors. Severe death anxiety can weaken effective adaptation. Various psychological components exist that can protect individuals from psychological, emotional, and social harm. One such factor is resilience. Resilience refers to the dynamic process of positive adaptation to adverse and distressing experiences and includes the skills, characteristics, and abilities that enable individuals to cope with life’s difficulties, challenges, and hardships. Different methods have been used to improve death anxiety and resilience, among which emotion-focused therapy (EFT) has been applied in this study due to its structured approach, step-by-step treatment program, and reduced likelihood of relapse. Given the existing gaps in this area, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of EFT on death anxiety and resilience among older adults.MethodThis was a quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all older adults residing in the nursing homes in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 30 people (17 women and 13 men) residing in Zagros Residential Care Center during the winter of 2023, selected by convenience sampling and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned to two groups with 15 members (experimental and control). The inclusion criteria were (1) informed consent, (2) age over 60 years, (3) scoring below 6 on the Templer Death Anxiety Scale pretest, (4) scoring below 50 on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale pretest, (5) a minimum score of 8 on the AMT short cognitive test, and (6) willingness to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were: (1) inability to attend sessions, and (2) simultaneous participation in other psychological training classes. The EFT protocol by Greenberg and Watson (2009) was administered to the experimental group over eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any therapy. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in both pretest and posttest phases. Data analysis was conducted using Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) test in SPSS version 26.ResultsPrior to hypothesis testing, the main assumptions of ANCOVA, including homogeneity of variances, homogeneity of regression slopes, and normal distribution of the data, were examined and confirmed. Subsequently, ANCOVA was employed to test the hypotheses, and the results are presented in Table 1.As shown in Table 1, there is no significant difference in death anxiety between the experimental and control groups. In other words, EFT, considering the mean death anxiety in the experimental group (6.600) compared to the control group (7.533), did not cause a significant change in the level of death anxiety in the experimental group, despite a slight reduction. The effect size is 0.048, meaning that 4% of individual differences in death anxiety scores are attributable to the effect of EFT.Furthermore, as observed in Table 1, there is a significant difference in resilience between the experimental and control groups. In other words, EFT, considering the mean resilience in the experimental group (60) compared to the control group (51.066), led to a significant increase in resilience in the experimental group. The effect size is 0.263, meaning that 26% of individual differences in resilience scores are attributable to the effect of EFT.ConclusionThe results of the current study revealed that EFT would positively impact resilience in older adults. This can be explained by the fact that EFT, which combines experiential and systemic therapy, is closely associated with reducing psychological problems in individuals. EFT process, conducted individually, involves three overlapping stages: bonding and awareness, evocation and exploration, and emotional reconstruction, carried out in eight steps. Throughout the therapy, the individual is viewed as an expert on their experience, while the therapist acts as a guide and facilitator. In EFT, it is believed that the way individuals organize and process emotional experiences and the interaction patterns they create and reinforce lead to increased resilience. Overall, the results of this study indicated that EFT does not significantly impact death anxiety in older adults but does positively influence resilience. Based on these findings, it is recommended that those responsible for senior centers and other facilities working with older adults consider implementing individual or group EFT sessions to enhance resilience in this population.Ethical ConsiderationEthical CodeThe ethical code was obtained from the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz (IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1402.152) Financial SupportThis study received no financial support.Authors’ ContributionsB.Z: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal Analysis, Data Curation; F.A: Conceptualization, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Project Administration, Supervision, Visualization.Conflict of InterestThe author had no conflicts of interest.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to express their gratitude to the esteemed Research Deputy of the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch, for their invaluable support and collaboration in conducting this research. 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2Introduction: Incompatible couples have many emotional, cognitive and social problems, including in the field of distress tolerance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparison the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance of incompatible couples. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population was incompatible couples who referred to the Family Counseling Center of Torbat-e-Jam in 2019 year. The research sample was 24 couples who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposeful sampling method and were replaced randomly with the lottery in three equal groups (8 couples in each group) including two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group with couple therapy method 8 sessions of 90 minutes underwent the emotion-focused therapy and the second experimental group with couple therapy method 10 sessions of 90 minutes underwent the acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Research tools included demographic information form, marital adjustment scale and distress tolerance scale. Data were analyzed with chi-square, univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 20 software. Results: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not have significantly different in terms of education level and age range (P>0.05). Also, both emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in compared to the control group increased the distress tolerance of incompatible couples (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two mentioned methods in increasing the distress tolerance of incompatible couples (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that both methods of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy increased the distress tolerance of incompatible couples and there was no significant difference between them. Therefore, health professionals and therapists can use both mentioned methods to improve distress tolerance in vulnerable groups, including incompatible couples.

Introduction: One of the most important problems in the life of couples is marital boredom. It has been proposed to use several educational and therapeutic interventions to improve marital life, among which emotion-oriented therapy and schema therapy can be mentioned. Aim: The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotionally focused therapy on marital disaffection. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the couples who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran city with complaints of marital conflicts in the summer and fall of 2023, and among them 16 couples (32 people) were selected by available sampling method and randomly and by homogenizing were assigned to experimental and control groups. For the pre-test, post-test - follow-up the participants answered to Marital Disaffection Scale by Kayser (1996). After 12 sessions of schema therapy and 12 sessions of emotionally focused therapy, in the present study, in order to data analysis "variance analysis with repeated measure" statistical method and SPSS-22 software was used. Results: The results indicate the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotionally focused therapy on the marital disaffection in the intervention groups and the continuation of these effects in the follow-up phase (P<.05). Conclusion: The results showed that emotionally focused therapy and schema therapy were both equally effective on marital burnout in couples. It is suggested to include schema therapy and emotionally focused therapy in couples and family therapy training programs

Introduction: Family breakdown is an important social issue and "emotional divorce" is a determining factor in this phenomenon. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of "Schema Therapy" and “Emotionally Focused Therapy” on the emotional divorce of couples. Methods: The study method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included couples who referred to the Delphi Clinic in Tehran with complaints of marital conflicts in the summer and fall of 2023. Among them, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. Research instruments included demographic questionnaire and "Emotional Divorce Questionnaire". Content validity of the instrument was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After implementing 12 sessions of "Schema Therapy" and 12 sessions of "Emotionally Focused Therapy" for the intervention groups, the data were analyzed in SPSS. 24. Results: "Schema Therapy" and “Emotionally Focused Therapy” in the intervention groups reduced emotional divorce compared to the control group (P=0. 018). The mean of emotional divorce during the study period showed a significant difference between the "Schema Therapy" and “Emotionally Focused Therapy” and the control group (P=0. 001). The mean of emotional divorce between "Schema Therapy" and "Emotionally Focused Therapy" groups did not show a significant difference (P=1. 000). Conclusions: The both "Schema Therapy" and "Emotionally Focused Therapy" are effective on emotional divorce in couples, and there is no difference between the effectiveness of "Schema Therapy" and "Emotionally Focused Therapy" on emotional divorce. It is suggested to include the above 2 methods in couples and family therapy training programs.