One of the major applications of high resolution satellite imagery is planning for the green areas in urban management. The number of trees and their attributes play a major role in urban green area management. Traditional methods used for counting the trees are too time - consuming and costly where usually are subject to error due to the human mistakes where in many cases it will come up with no spatial data. In this research, a new method is developed which uses high resolution satellite images. In this case study, a Panchromatic and a multispectral image of Quick bird from Bandar Abbas city, Iran, is used. There are various arrangements of the trees like dense groups, row of trees and individual trees in the study area. The most of them are ten years old and more. The Panchromatic and the multispectral images are fused and a NDVI map is produced. The potential seeds of the tree positions are then obtained applying a couple of morphological operators including Erosion and Regional Max. The result is, finally, adjusted by eliminating duplicated points and non-tree points. The method output shows good correlation with the ground truth data with an accuracy of about 90%.

Introduction: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a prevalent complication in the patients with cirrhosis and ascites, which leads to high intrahospital mortality. Diagnosis is made when ascetic fluid neutrophils is ≥250 cells/mm3. Manual counting of neutrophils is time- consuming, technically difficult, expensive and in many cases individual-dependent. In contrast, automated counting is an easier, faster and much cheaper method, which enables earlier treatment. The objective of this study was comparing the automated vs. manual neutrophil counting in ascetic fluid in the patients suspected to have SBP.Methods: Fifty two patients, clinically- suspected to SBP, were selected via convenience sampling in two emergency departments of Kerman city during one year. Their ascetic fluid neutrophils counted by conventional manual and automated (by cell counter) methods. Simultaneous ascetic and blood culture and peripheral WBC count were performed. SBP diagnosis was made when neutrophil count was ≥250 cells/mm3. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of manual test were measured. Additionally, positive and negative results of these two methods were compared.Results: Mean value of neutrophil count was 406 and 407 by automated and manual method, respectively; which showed no significant difference (p<0.001). Correlation was detected between two methods based on interpretation of neutrophil count in each patient (Kappa=0.653, Pearson correlation=0.989). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of manual test was 84.61%, 80.76%, 81.48% and 84%, respectively.Conclusion: This study shows that automated neutrophil count can well substitute manual count. Considering the limited studies on this issue, definite judgment necessitates further studies with higher sample volumes, various devices and considering role of humanistic conditions on manual count.

Introduction: To find principal factors which affect the development of enumeration, many recent researches have investigated the effect of visual characteristics on counting process. Here we have addressed the effect of arrangement on enumeration process.Method: 37 participants aged between 18 to 30 years old were evaluated. We examined counting speed in three different arrangements of dots in five magnitudes (8-12) which differed in regularity and imaginary lattices between their dots.Results: According to our results, enumeration speed is affected by both arrangement and the set of magnitudes (p<0.001) while irregularity and ambiguity of lattices caused slower enumeration. Furthermore, accuracy of responses was only affected by the number of dots (p<0.001).Conclusion: Taken together, these results show that lattice formation which facilitates groupitizing and subsequently subitizing, has considerable effect on enumeration speed. Meanwhile the more various strategies of groupitizing in arrangements will cause slower enumeration speed, but regularity of arrangements does not guarantee the accuracy of responses.

We devised a device for precise fish egg counting that incorporated three units electronic, mechanical and water network. In the device, a selector disc (mechanical unit) separates each egg from the batch and injects it into a fluid stream (water network) which is then detected by an inferared interrogator. The electronic detector generates a pulse to counter circuit and then activate the numerical, display showing the number of the past eggs. There is also the option of a present system that allows programming number of the eggs that should be counted. The machine will stop when this preset number is reached. The efficiency of all parts were examind with trout eggs with an average diameter of 4 to 5.7mm. In the fish trial, we obtained an undercounting of 16 eggs. After adjustments, the undercounting reached unity.The selector disc was designed in the sizes of 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5mm to allow counting of most egg sizes. The first disc size allowed counting of 9000 eggs per hour. The counting capability increasd to 30,000 eggs per hour when more holes were punched in the disc. It is possible to increase the counting rate using higher velocity of disc rotation, mounting double discs or two dtectors with one disc.

Cytological information is absolutely lacking for the Iranian moss flora (Bryophytes). The present research, dealing with cytological studies on the following five species (including two expressions and one variety) of Iranian mosses, namely, Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. "brevipes" expression (n=20), A. riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. ''pennellii'' expression (n=9, 9+m, 9+2m), A. serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G. (n=20), Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens. in Lange var. protensum (Brid.) Bryhn ex Grout (n=10), Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. (n=12+m) and Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. in B.S.G. (n=11) is performed for the first time in Iran. The first three species (plus two expressions and one variety) belong to the order Hypnales and the family Amblystegiaceae. O. intricatum is placed in the said order but the family Entodontaceae (according to some authors it is considered under a different family of the same order i.e. Hypnaceae), and lastly, F. taxifolius included in the order Fissidentales and the family Fissidentaceae.In the present study, fertile moss specimens were collected from the northern provinces of the country during spring and summer. Capsules with very light brown opercula were fixed in 1:3 acetic alcohol for about 24 hrs. and meiotic chromosomes were studied by squashing (tapping) and heating the sporogenous tissue in 2% acetocarmine. Prepared slides were observed under the microscope to count the chromosome numbers and then photomicrographs were taken from each slide.

Chromosome counts are given for 5 species of Moraceae belonging to 2 genera (Morus and Ficus) from Iran. Chromosome numbers (2n) for F. johannis and F. rupestris are reported for the first time. The collections cover the entire range of family from Iran.

The present study reports somatic chromosome numbers of 7 species belong to 6 families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Epilobium palustre (2n=36), Geranium pyrenaicum (2n=26), Sium sisarum (2n=20), Veronica beccabunga (2n=18) were reported for the first time for the flora of Iran. Ferula persica (2n=22) and Tragopogon jesdianus (2n=12) are reported for the first time. The report for Bromus scoparius (2n=28) is the second count for the species in Iran. Ideograms are depicted for each species.