Iranian rural Architecture with regard to its thousands year history makes a homogeneous and appropriate form in which the functions and role of communication and multi-functional spaces in the house were always so clear that included the social as well as the economic and cultural systems of rural housing in accordance with geographic requirements. The rural housings are obvious examples of this feature. The nature and its potentials along with knowledge of many generations, along with the attitude and approach of villagers to the nature have made another feature in rural architecture which created the most desirable and efficient relationship between environmental components while observing all the simplicity of components and its generalities and well impact of the use of environment beside economics, traditions and norms which govern the rural community is evident in its spatial organization. While present situation of rural housing encountered its particular problems, studies of housing in the country have been mainly focused on urban housing or specific villages. Lacking precise and useful studies in the field and differences between urban and rural housing, have transformed the research in the field of housing characteristics in rural architecture to a very important one. Answering to numerous needs in rural housing and the need for its compatibility with the demands of rural community requires the participation and attention of all the experts in rural issues. In this paper the typology of rural housing in one of the relatively untouched rural areas – Taleghan valley - in nine selected villages of the area were investigated. Taleghan is located in southern Alborz in Savojbolagh, Tehran. The area is located along the linear path of Shahrood river. It consists of three rural districts, called Down-Taleghan (the district center is Shahrasar), Middle-Taleghan (the district center is Shahrak) and Up-Taleghan (the district center is Jovestan) and there are totally 77 villages in this area. In this study, selected villages have been studied in general and micro-scale system deployment, geography effect held, perspective, texture and housing. The formation of Taleghan Valley habitats, according to geography and climate factors, consists of two different types: (1) Formation based on the river path (most villages are formed by this type), and (2) Formation regardless to the river path, for security reasons. The housing typology of rural areas has been analyzed from two perspectives: (A) Evaluation of spatial- functional patterns; and (B) Assessment of climate patterns. The most important features of indigenous architecture in this region can be summarized as follows: the harmony between the texture and the earth, and formation of the texture based upon the earth shape, the various spaces of rural housing according to the livelihoods of the households, climatic factors, and sociocultural status. Prospects resulting from this study can be summarized in cases such as: 1.Documenting these habitats may result in creating useful documents for protecting these villages in future.2. Rural architectural details and their generalities which have been considered in this study can address the future constructions in a sustainable as well as harmonious architecture.

The paper describes an extensive analysis of hydrometeorological information of Taleghan catchment in the north west of ternan province. Potential snowfall areas as well as advance and retrogression of snow line are identified using temperature data and hypsometric curve. Snow index together with snow-water volume of catchment then are determined. Finally snow melting mechanism of basin investigated using energy budget method and spring river discharge is forecasted by means of multiple regression method.

This study was done in order to estimate the erosion rate in the Zidasht – Fashandak watershed (of Talaghan rood sub – watershed) with area over 26/737 km s, and there is no gravimetric station: also, The two models are used, named, EPM and STEHLIK. For doing this work, first, the homogeneous units were provided, and by overlaying the maps of the litho logy, slope, geomorphology facies and combining them, 18 units were made which are the base for estimating and evaluating the erosion rate.The required data are provided by study the watershed management of the watershed which has been done before, and by take the areal photography's and the field studies. For make digit and combining and providing the maps, Arc Gis soft ware is used. By using two models EPM and STEHLIK, was estimated the rate of the erosion at the watershed level, and the results compared. These results of the two models aren’t consistent. It seems that the obtained results of the model STEHLIK aren’t reliable in the target area.

Determining the capacity of grazing is one of the most important issues in rangeland management and failure to comply is one of the causes of rangeland degradation. The purpose of this study was to determine the grazing capacity in the middle Taleghan rangelands in the form of short-term policy to consider the factors that should be applied in calculating the grazing capacity and in addition to protection, can help improve the rangeland condition. Sampling was carried out in June 2013 by the random-systematic method and the amount of forage production in each vegetation type was harvested separately from livestock grazing species in all three classes of palatability I, II, III. After that, the allowable use was determined, and then the short-term grazing capacity was determined by the method of calculating the daily energy required for livestock and according to the forage quality. The results showed that the grazing capacity in the area varied from 0 to 1534 for the Fashandi race adult sheep in the grazing season (four months). The area required for a Fashandi race sheep grazing varied from 1. 92 to 8. 63 hectares during the grazing season. In general, based on the results, the grazing capacity of all studied rangelands during the grazing season (four months) was equivalent to 6802 Fashandi race adult sheep. However, the grazing capacity of studied rangeland with the good condition was about 145 Fashandi race sheep per hectare and about 19 livestock per hectare for rangelands with poor condition. Therefore, in calculating the capacity of grazing, it is necessary to pay attention to the palatability, allowable use, forage quality, and the difference in the livestock daily requirement depending on the weight of grazing livestock in rangelands and its mobility.