Gas to liquid (GTL), is an industry that uses special chemical methods that converts natural gas or other light gaseous hydrocarbons into heavier chain hydrocarbons such as gasoline, gas oil, and other heavier products usually obtained in the crude oil refining process. In this study, the global supply function of GTL industry was investigated. The necessary information was obtained from a valid source from 1987 to 2019 and the autoregressive distributed lag model was used to investigate the impact. The results of estimating the model with dynamic, long-term and error correction models were estimate, and the results show that the interval of logarithm variable of GTL supply has a positive and significant effect on the logarithm of GTL supply in the current period and its coefficient is equal to 0.01 units. The results also show that the first interval of the logarithm of the oil and gas gross production variable with 0.25 units influences the logarithm of GTL supply in the current period and the logarithm of natural gas price with a coefficient of 0.09 units has a positive and significant effect on the logarithm of GTL supply. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to increase the surplus of gas production by improving and reducing wastage in consumption on the one hand and investing in increasing production on the other hand. Also, competitive pricing to encourage investors in the development of this industry should not be overlooked.

Taking into account rising demand for natural gas and the increasing share of gas in global energy supply in recent decades and the need for maximizing value added of the sector rather than selling raw gas for Iran as the country with the second most important natural gas reserves, it is important to look into use of modern technologies in this industry in Iran. Given the importance of economic cost benefit analysis, before undertaking any project including use of new technologies, this paper studies the techno-economic feasibility of converting natural gas to liquids (GTL) using the cost-benefit analysis approach and Excel software. We use sensitivity analysis to identify the main factors that affect economic viability of natural gas to liquid products. The results show that GTL conversion is feasible and that reductions in needed capital investments, increasing crude oil prices and access to cheaper feed gas can increase the profitability of the process.

Use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Technology to transform gas into more easily exported products is of great interest to Iran as the country with the second most significant natural gas reserves in the World. This paper studies the economic feasibility of GTL using the COMFAR III software emphasizing NPV, IRR, MIRR, normal and dynamic Payback period criteria, in the context of removal of fuel subsidies in Iran. The study uses sensitivity analysis to check the effect of possible changes on main factors, such as scale (capacity), capital cost, crude oil price and "with" or "without" gas refinery plant on profitability of GTL products. The results confirm the feasibility of GTL technology and indicate the any decrease in capital and operating costs and increase in crude oil price increases the profitability of the project.

In GTL process -the conversion of gas to liquid products- a great amount of energy is released.Meanwhile, the various warm and cool streams in this process with their significant temperature difference can internally supply the required energy of the system. In fact, the GTL process has the potential to produce a considerable amount of energy far beyond its needs. The excess energy is so much that it can even run a power plant. In other words, the process of converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons not only is self-sufficient from an energy point of the view, but also can produce energy.In this paper, various approaches to energy optimization in a GTL unit with a capacity of 10, 000 BPD are studied using optimizer software at different stages of the process. Then, the most suitable method is selected and the amount of the generated energy is calculated and reported. Finally, an integrated network of heat exchangers is suggested.

In this study, leaming intensity is measured in terms of labor cost savings and productivity growth through experience, as well as the effects of mergers  and acquisitions on technology learning using a learning curve and its effects on the performance of oil, gas and products companies. Oil listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange will be evaluated.The novelty of this article is to explain the direct and indirect effects of M&A (mergers  and acquisitions) in technology learning that leads to the learning curve model with the M&A factor in the oil, gas and petroleum products It can be seen that traditional learning through experience has not reduced costs by increasing cumulative production in refineries and petrochemical companies. Economies of scale have also failed to reduce operating costs by increasing production at refineries. Learning by research in refining and petrochemical companies has also reduced operating costs by a year, but is less severe. This study also shows that there is no direct effect of mergers and acquisitions on technology learning in the combination of refining and petrochemical companies. In addition, the indirect effects of mergers and acquisitions on technology learning are seen only in petrochemical companies.

Despite having the second place in the world in terms of natural gas reserves, Iran has practically not played an active and influential role in world trade and the export of natural gas and liquefied gas, and despite its privileged geo-economic and geo-energetic position, it has reached a position that is commensurate with the capacities and potentials of its geographic economy. It has not been found. The main problem of the research is, how is the role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade and geopolitics of energy, during the next decades at the regional and global levels? The main goal of this research is to analyze the increasing role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade. and the geopolitics of energy, at the regional and global levels, in the coming decades.The research method is a cross-sectional survey method, which is based on the objective of the applied type and based on the nature of the descriptive and analytical type. The studied community, professors and experts in the subject field The study has a sample size of 34 people and a questionnaire has been used to measure the formation of research variables.Library findings and the results of the research questionnaire, using the software Spsand the test and multivariate regression has been analyzed.The results and inferential findings of the research show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of liquefied gas in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of production infrastructures And the export of liquefied gas can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies.Although oil and gas will not completely disappear in the coming decades, hydrocarbons will gradually and increasingly give way to renewable energies. This transfer of energy from fossil energy to renewable energy can turn the rich oil and gas reserves of countries like Iran into stray capitals in the not too distant future. Among fossil fuels, liquefied gas or LNG has characteristics that can play an important and effective role in meeting the needs of human societies during the transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources. The capabilities of storage, long-haul transportation by ship, re-export and re-gasification make LPG a flexible and attractive resource in the energy transfer process. The results and inferential findings show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of LNG in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of infrastructures The production and export of LNG can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies.In short, production and export liquid gas In the process of transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources and in the transition period, it has valuable results, the most important of which are:1.The current situation of the world trade in liquefied natural gas does not correspond with Iran's share of the world's gas reserves. A look at the global LNG trade shows that Iran practically has no place in the regional and global trade of liquefied gas. Iran, as the second country in the world in terms of huge reserves of natural gas, especially in the oil and gas fields of the Persian Gulf, If properly planned and appropriate economic diplomacy is adopted, it can well become one of the most important countries in the world in the world trade of liquefied gas.2.Contrary to geopolitical restrictions and issues related to natural gas export pipelines, Iran's possession of long coastlines in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ​​Oman on the one hand, and the ability of LNG to be transported through large ocean-going ships, can make Iran in line with To connect the export of liquefied gas to all world markets.3.The advantages of liquid gas as a relatively "flexible" fuel, with the ability to store, regasify, load and re-export, and the possibility of using LNG terminals to store, transfer and export liquid hydrogen, ammonia, etc. The future makes LNG a superior "transition" fuel.4.The capabilities of LNG as a relatively "flexible" fuel with less emissions can reduce energy transmission costs and energy security risks in many countries of the world, especially less developed countries, in the process of transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energies. and renewables, and help boost the liquefied gas business globally.Production and export planning liquid gas, Parallel Applying an active and intelligent economic diplomacy at the regional and global levels will bring very valuable results in the direction of securing national interests, attracting foreign exchange resources, increasing government revenues and economic development of the country along with will have.