Background & Aim: Nurse prescribing is one of the important issues which has been paid attention recently. For correct implementation in Iran, we must first assess the benefits of that in developed countries. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of nurses prescribing worldwide which has been recorded in different countries.Materials & Methods: This study is an integrated review. Elsevier, PubMed and Google Scholar Databases were searched by keyword of nurse prescribing. Of the 125 824 eligible articles, 28 articles were selected. Finally, the data were classified, summarized and, analyzedResults: Selected articles were established in 4 host countries. Nurse prescribing benefits in three areas of benefit to the patient, to the nurse, and to the organization were classified.Conclusion: Nurses prescribing is acceptable, and it requires some conditions, In case of satisfying these conditions, it can be associated with the valuable benefits.

Introduction: Public health policies place significant emphasis on the prescription process, and ongoing efforts are required to support the development of optimal and adequate prescription practices in teaching hospitals. This study aims to identify advantages and challenges of electronic prescription in the teaching hospitals affiliated with Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The content analysis approach was used to conduct the current qualitative investigation in 2023. Four beneficiaries (physicians, pharmacy technicians, patients, and insurance experts) participated in this study to analyze the benefits and challenges of electronic prescription. These beneficiaries were purposefully engaged in the interviews. MAXQDA2020 software was used for data analysis. Results: Participants’ perspectives indicate that the most important benefits are reducing medication errors by eliminating the illegibility of medication orders and enhancing the security and confidentiality of information. The intermittent interruptions, slow internet speed, incomplete infrastructure, difficulty in searching for drugs, lack of warnings regarding drug interactions, and inadequate connection with clinical decision support systems are also the main challenges of this system. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the implementation of the electronic prescribing system is essential for enhancing the healthcare system. It is necessary to effectively introduce the benefits of this system and provide the required training in various formats for proper usage by the users. Continuous communication with users and receiving their feedback will lead to the successful implementation of electronic prescription and help eliminate the negative aspects of the system.

Introduction: In the United States, nurse practitioners with master's and doctoral degrees diagnose and treat the health problems of various population groups in a manner similar to physicians due to physician shortages in rural areas. This study aims to review the various aspects of nurse prescribing in the United States as a model for policymaking and the development of this role in Iran. Methods: By scoping review (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005), in the Google Scholar search engine and the PUBMED database, with inclusion criteria such as English language articles and documents related to various aspects of nurse prescribing in USA were sought between 2010 and 2022. Also rules and regulations, guidelines and websites of the American universities searched for the Google search engine. Qualitative Elo and Kyngäs (2008) was used to analyze the data. The Prisma-Scr checklist was used to report the results. Results: 16 articles, four websites, five guidelines, and four nursing associations were included. Six main emerged categories including the development of the advanced practice nurse role and barriers, competencies and characteristics, roles and activities, scope of practice, education, prescribing regulations along with 21 general categories. Conclusion: In the United States, a postgraduate advanced nurse with special nurse prescribing training, has a legal authorization to prescribe.  Increasing patient and nurse satisfaction, providing accessible and low-cost care, especially in low-income areas, is the consequences of these nurses' practice. Physician opposition to expanding the nurse prescribing role, the need for collaboration and physician supervision, and reimbursement policy regulations are challenges to their performance. Drawing on a review of nurse prescribing in leading countries, it is possible to derive a model to inform the policy development of nurse prescribing in Iran.

Objective(s): Drug prescription is one of the strategic issues in the field of health. Rational prescription of medicine and efforts towards appropriate, safe and efficient use of medicine are one of the main missions of health policy makers in the country. This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the studies was done in the country in the field of drug prescription pattern. Methods: The present research was a scoping review using the Arsky and O'Malley protocol. The English and Persian databases examined in this study were Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Magiran and SID. Searched keywords were Prescription, Rational Use, Rational Utilization, Rational Consumption, Overconsumption, Overutilization, Utilization Management, Inappropriate Utilization, and Iran in English and Persian. Original research articles published in journals in English or Persian that estimated WHO prescribing indicators were included to the review. Studies published in other languages, books, theses, conference papers, review studies, articles whose full text was not available and articles published before 2010 were excluded from the study. Results: In the first stage 2846 citations were retrieved. After considering all inclusion and exclusion criteria 22 full articles were reviewed. About 70% of articles were published in English. 74% of studies focused on the prescription of a specific group of providers and 13% focused on drug administration in elderlies. The average number of drugs per prescription varied from 2 to 4. 5 items in different studies. The percentage of prescriptions included antibiotics reported between 8. 8 for elderlies’ home health care to 97. 6 for dentists’ prescriptions. The prescriptions included injections also varied from 9. 3 to 58. 9 in medical interns and general practitioners in Kerman. Conclusion: The trend of drug prescription reflects the success of the country's policies toward rational use of drugs. However, to achievement the global standards, the implementation of policies to improve the prescription pattern in the country should be a priorities of health system.

Introduction: To expedite the process of treatment, recovery of patients and prevention of medical adverse effects, dentists should be aware of prescription errors. This study aimed to investigate prescription behavior of dentists and common prescription errors by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province. Materials& Methods: In this study, 1108 prescriptions by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province from Fenruary 2016 to July 2016, from Social Security and Therapeutic Services insurance organizations were evaluated. To collect data, a list was prepared, consisting of drug forms, drug names, drug doses, intervals of administration, route of administration, drug interferences and the number of items in each prescription. Furthermore, the lack of date, dentist’ s signature or seal, and illegibility of the prescription were recorded in the error list of the prescription. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher’ s exact tests. Results: Most errors were related to incorrect drug form (17. 3%), incorrect route of administration (10. 9%) and incorrect dose (10. 4%). The mean number of medications prescribed per patient was 2. 36. Antibiotics (50. 7%) and antiinflammatory drugs (33. 5%) were respectively the most commonly prescribed medications. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that the performance of dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province was appropriate in terms of the number of drugs prescribed per patient; however, the number of prescribed antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was higher than the reports in other countries. Given the high percentage of errors in prescriptions, it is highly recommended that the prescription behavior be included in the curricula of dentistry and be emphasized in continuous education programs for dentists.

On one hand, drug therapy is one of the most powerful tools for the treatment of diseases, and on the other hand, one of the most common medical errors is related to hand written prescription. Patient safety is endangered due to illegible of hand written prescription by physicians and thereby the potential of medical errors would increase. Implementation of electronic prescribing and electronic health records can solve multiple problems of hand written prescription and decrease expenses of medical errors. The aim of this study was to introduce electronic prescription and its impact on medical errors. The study was a narrative review, which was performed by searching in Google search engine, PubMed, ISI web of science, Scoupus, and Embas, with keywords such as Electronic Prescription, E-prescription, Medication Errors, Patient safety’, in journals (text and abstracts), books, proceeding of conference articles, and scientific documents from 2000 to 2014. This study was done in 2014. About 58 articles, books, theses, and proceedings were obtained of which 35 cases were selected based on their relation to this issue. Eprescribing technology is a powerful tool to manage patients' medication that can lead to improve the quality of drug treatment. This technology associated with Electronic Health Records and using the support of decision support systems (DSS) can reduce the medication errors and increase patient safety is medication.

Electronic prescription services can enhance patient safety and the quality of healthcare services by reducing medical mistakes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the perspectives of physicians and pharmacists in Birjand regarding electronic prescriptions. This descriptive-applied study was conducted cross-sectionally during 2023-2024 in public and private hospitals, clinics (including charity, private, government-affiliated, and social security), as well as medical offices and pharmacies in Birjand County. Based on a standard deviation of 0.9, an acceptable margin of error of 0.2, and a 20% anticipated dropout rate, a sample size of 100 physicians and pharmacists was determined and recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic information, such as gender, age, occupation, workplace, work experience, and electronic prescription experience. The second part consisted of 31 specific items across nine fields. The researcher personally distributed the questionnaire to the participants. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive-analytical tests in SPSS software version 22. The average scores in the evaluated fields, from highest to lowest according to users' perspectives, were as follows: social influence (4.01), actual use (3.71), habit (3.66), intention to use (3.39), trust (3.15), expected performance (3.07), expected effort (2.78), price value (2.73), and facilitating conditions (2.32). A significant inverse correlation was observed between age and factors such as expected effort (r=-0.615), expected performance (r=-0.44), trust (r=-0.305), price value (r=-0.397), and facilitating conditions (r=-0.584) (P<0.05). Female pharmacists and physicians generally held more favorable views across most dimensions, except for social influences. Notably, expected effort and performance differed significantly between male and female participants (P<0.05). In conclusion, physicians and pharmacists held a moderate perspective on the use of electronic prescription services.

Introduction: The medication prescription is one of the vital and important processes in each healthcare system and no modern society could live without regulated medicine prescription. Electronic prescribing has emerged as a viable and definitive solution to counter shortcomings of the current paper-based prescribing processes. This study aimed to present an overview of electronic prescription and familiarizes the key real and potential stakeholders with practical concepts and global experiences in the field of eprescribing. In this review study, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE databases, Iranian National Library of Medicine (INLM) portal, and Google and Yahoo search engines were searched for relevant English publications concerning the problems of paper-based prescription, and concept, features, levels, benefits, stakeholders and standards of electronic prescription system. Electronic prescribing systems provide the potential to dramatically improve the outcome of prescribing processes, reduce adverse drug events, and save healthcare costs. Strengthening and supporting electronic prescription system requires the collaboration between all the system stakeholders and establishment of infrastructure for underlying healthcare information. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate a high priority to design and implement a national, unified and safe electronic prescription system by health care systems.