The Author of this article believes that the third singular personal ending has probably been the cause for the emergence of past tense affix in Iranian infinitives and verbs. This article deals with the varieties of third singular personal ending and past tense affix.    

Some evidence from Persian supports the existence of constituents that show properties of affixoids or what might be referred to as semi-affixes. These constitutes can stand independently but, in combination with certain nouns, show a rather notable distribution and, in that context, behave like a derivational affix. In such contexts, there is a semantic change in the derived form when an affixoid is added to a base. Regarding the frequency of affixoids in Persian, it is observed that their usage is also very frequent in sentences and phrases as independent words. There are several affixoids attested in Persian but only a few will be discussed here as representative examples. It can be argued that affixoids hold an independent status in linguistic literature as a semi-category. In this paper, some affixoids from Persian will be discussed as they might be prefixoids or suffixoids. All examples are from spoken and written Persian.

The present article deals with the Morphological causative verb by adding Present Causer Morpheme -ǣːn- to the present stem of verb in Kurdish, Tati, Taleshi Zazaki, Awroman and Baluchi Dialects. Historically, in Middle Iranian period this suffix used in Causative verb Construction. In this article we show that Causer suffix -ǣːn- (OIr. *aja-na-) which Composes Causative present stem as Morpheme by adding to Present stem in middle western Iranian has been survived in Kurdish and Baluchi Dialects as -ǣːn- and compose Causative present stem by adding to the present stem of intransitive verb. The research data in this article has been gathered by interviews with mentioned dialects native Informants. Moreover, the author is the Informant of one of the dialects and also some written sources have been used. At first data extracted from written sources and dialogues of Informants and then analyzed. In this article the origin of the Causer affix -ǣːn- in the studied dialects was determined, and also it was found that the old Causer affix -ǣːn- has been survived in Kurdish and Baluchi Dialects.

This research examines derivational and inflectional processes in Pashto within the framework of “Lexical Morphology and Phonology” (Kiparsky, 1982). In this article, 131 Pashto affixes, comprising 40 inflectional and 91 derivational affixes, were categorized into two neutral and non-neutral categories based on their interaction with the base they are attached to. The findings of this study reveal that a majority of Pashto affixes, whether auto-stressed or connected to the base, result in alterations to the base. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the efficacy of Kiparsky's (1982) approach, originally devised to analyze the structure of English affixes, in analyzing neutral and non-neutral affixes in the Pashto language. According to the study, most of the Pashto affixes are non-neutrals, which are located in the first layer. It is worth mentioning that the number of neutral affixes is less than the non-neutral ones, although they are widely used in the language. Moreover, as the Lexical Morphology Hypotheses assumes, neutral and non-neutral affixes are organized based on the Level Ordering Hypothesis.

In any language, roots and verb affixes constitute the most basic and important components of a language. The root is an element included in all the words of a lexical family and carries the basic meaning of those lexical items. A verb affix is an element added to the root to form a new meaning.In many new Iranian dialects, verb affixes have been left almost unnoticed, and it will be possible, by the act of deriving roots, to clear up most of their structural and semantic ambiguities. Unlike the root, verb affixes can be easily identified and described. In many dialects, verb affixes act as the base of verb formation and are often derived from a limited number of roots. Tâti, Tâleshi, and Gilaki dialects belong to North-western Iranian languages currently spoken along the coast of Caspian Sea. These dialects which enjoy many old linguistic elements have not been duly studied from a linguistic perspective. In the present paper, firstly the verb roots and affixes of Gilaki, Tâleshi and Tâti, as well as the way of their formation, are taken into consideration, then their relevant similarities and differences are investigated.

This article describes Inflection in Persian. It is claimed that inflection in Persian has not received enough attention, maybe because typologically, modern Persian is not an inflectional language. In this article, after introducing the topic, and presenting some of the important analyses of western linguists, and some of the studies conducted by Persian researchers, Persian int1ectional features are introduced and classified, using a continuum model. The article emphasizes that analyzing and explaining Persian data with the total reliance on the models and theories of western linguists may lead to unsatisfactory results.

This paper is an attempt at a descriptive, qualitative study of Persian suffix -i considering both its history and its current functions. To attain this goal, we first present a linguistic description of the suffix. The article then deals with the origins of the Persian suffix -i as one of the most generative and frequent Persian suffixes. It is indicated that the suffix originates in ancient times and can be traced in Old Persian and Western Middle Iranian languages. Then it goes through the functions of -i in current New Persian and investigates it under three categories, namely nominal, adjectival and adverbial structures while relevant examples are provided. The study shows that the suffix i- is unique in terms of the number and variety of the derivations it makes. The generation and dynamism of the suffix have increased dramatically over time. We conclude that the suffix -i has been so active that it has penetrated to the domain of some other Persian suffixes and has marginalized them.

There is a typical inflectional prefix /bv-/ in past perfectives of many variants of Gilaki Language, which either has been considered as a mood affix in many syntactic sources of Gilaki, or has been neglected in other sources. In many of the mentioned variants, if this affix is omitted, the verb turns from past perfective to past imperfective. This article tries to prove that this affix is not a mood, ornament or extra affix, but an aspect affix which in origin, was not inflectional, although it has become inflected and grammaticalised due to the historical evolutions occurred to Gilaki. This process has led the Gilaki simple past to “markedness”, while substantially it has not been “marked”. Thus, it can be indicated that “markedness” might change diachronically.

One of the topics used in historical grammar under the field of word making, is “ Prefixes” and “ Postfixes” . This naming is due to their positions in words. Some of the grammarians have introduced “ Midfixes” as well. In another divisions, some of the grammarians, have categorized Prefixes and postfixes as derivatives and dedicatives. This research is an analysis of usage of post fixes and prefixes in translation of one of the Holy Quran which is found in third century. Prefixes and Postfixes in this old translation, sometimes have grammar usage which in turns constitutes adjectives and verbs. Sometimes they will change the meaning of words. The translator by the help of prefixes and postfixes has became able to use verbs with more strength. Of course prefixes and postfixes in sometimes make no changes to the meaning of words. It needs to say that in this regards, there is a research titled by “ Holy Quran and Postfix and Prefix usage” written by Maryam Shabanzadeh & Mahmoud Barati. But there has been no research done to that subject of matter alone and the research is done by means of research in library and analysis based on frequency.

This paper presents a descriptive account of ergativity in the Dashti dialect of Buhsher. To illustrate ergativity in Dashti, the behavior of intransitive subject, transitive subject and direct object are analyzed with respect to their ability to induce agreement on the verb. The similar behavior of transitive and intransitive subjects, as opposed to the direct objects, points to the nominative-accusative alignment in the present tense in Dashti. However, the similar behavior of the intransitive subject and direct object, in contrast to the transitive subject, portrays split ergativity in the past tense clauses in Dashti. It will also be shown that ergativity in Dashti is of the morphological type without deeper consequences for the syntax. The distinct distribution of affixes and clitics, on which much of cross-reference in Dashti is based, will be discussed as well.