Bagheshad region a part of Khojair national park with 2310 hectares area, is located in 22 Km far from east of Tehran in south of Haraz road. Vegetation of this area was studied based on Braun-Blanquet method. Phytosociological data was analyzed by AFC and CAR methods using Anaphyto software. In this area 9 plant associations and 6 plant sub-associations have been distinguished. Ecological characteristics showed that distribution of plant associations is dependent on altitude, slope, soil depth and texture. Other ecological factors such as pH, calcareous, N, P, K and organic matter contents have less importance in distribution and habitat of plant associations.

Understanding laws of growth and development, the interaction between structures and natural factors, and evaluating potentials of ecosystems is the first step is providing a well-founded management to meet economic and social needs and help natural ecosystems to preserve their dynamism. Site classification, with respect to ecologic factors, can act as a criterion to assess the quality of forest ecosystems. This research is aimed at classifying sites based on plant associations, and has been carried out in the educational-research forest of the University of Tehran located in Kheiroudkenar, Noshahr. The Braun-Blanquet method was used to study the plant associations. The data on plant associations were analyzed by the ANAPHYTO software product. The associations existing in the region were determined. The associations were classified according to the species arranged in the phytosociology table. Results of the research show that two plant associations may be recognized in this region, while each includes a subassociation:1. Rusco-Fagetum and its subassociation Mercurialietosum perenni and its distinguished species….2. Carpinerto-Fagetum and its subassociation Epimedietosum pinnatii and its species named …..

Vavsar area covers an area of 2413 hectares situated in 53o37'35" -53o43'45" longitude and 36o5'40"-36o10'13" latitude.The vegetation of Vavsar area was studied, using the Braun-Blanquet (Zygmatist) School. Based on the analysis of phytosociological data and by using AFC and CAH methods, 8 associations were recognized.The Following associations constitute the major part of the area: Astragalo caspici-Onobrychidetum cornutae, Stachyetum laxae, Fagetum orientalis, Querco macrantherae-Fagetum orientalis. The distribution of plant associations in the protected areas is mainly affectedby topographic features, including altitude, slop and exposure as well as edaphic factors, such as soil depth and texture.In general, these factors operate in the establishment of plant communities in the different elevation zones and slopes.

This research was contacted in javaherde that it was plantation with coniferous and broad leaves in 1983 (Aregion with 58 ha and 650 up to 2100 maltitude at western south of Ramsar). The objective of this study was to determine forest floor herbs cover in coniferous and broad leave stand compare with together to assess ecological group. At the first, the flora of this area aggregated and identified and floristically information of this area was analyzed by Anaphyto program with Braun-Blanquet method. 145 plots were studied and main ecological groups and 21 subgroups were recognized in this region covers. We can mention slop direction, soil pH, soil EC, phosphorus, potassium, soil saturation, soil organic matter as effective factors of isolation groups. Comparison of different kinds of deciduous and coniferous and compare them together showed that forest floor herb could separate to five groups contain: Exclusive species. Selective species, preferential species, Accidental species and Amphoteric species. Measuring of light interception rate in any ecological groups showed that coniferous with more canopies has less light interception rate than deciduous. Number of ecological subgroups and exclusive species density, preferential species and species diversity in deciduous was more than coniferous. Height of grassy herbs increased with decreasing of cover canopy percent and adverse.

Mountainous rangelands ecosystems provide best natural habitats, biodiversity, soil and water conservation, thus their sustainable management needs information and knowledge about relationship between elements of this ecosystems. The aim of this research was study of the relationships between plant species and environmental factors to determine the most important effective factor in the distribution of the understudy plants. For this purpose 20 land units were selected from overlaying slope, aspect and height maps using geographic information system (GIS). Within each unit was done along three 100 meter transect. 10 plots (1m2) established along each transect in 10 meter distances. Sampling method was randomized-systematic. At the beginning, a profile was dug and soil samples were taken from 0-30 centimeter in starting, mean and ending points of each transect. Soil factors such as N, P, and OM, pH, EC and texture were determined. Phytosociological data was analyzed by AFC and CAH methods using Anaphyto software. In this area 5 ecological groups have been distinguished. In order to investigate the relationships between plant species and environmental factors multivariate analysis was used. The results showed that the most important soil factors in establishment and distribution of species are N, P and texture and topographic factors are slope and elevation.

Miandasht protected region with 84435 hectars of land, and mean annual precipitation of about to 250 mm is located 10 kilometers from East of Jajarm in West of North Khorassan province. Based on climatic classifications, this area is arid. Field exploration was performed from 2004 to 2008.Ecophytosociological method was used in the present study. In this method, in addition to physionomical and floristically criterions, ecological criterions are also important for determining the endogen environments. Ecological factors including altitude, slope degree, exposition and soil's pH, EC, OC and texture were measured in all releves. Finally the ecological conditions of all identified syntaxa were determined. Phytosociological data were analyzed by Factorial Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical ascendant Classification methods, using anaphyto software. Analysis of the data of 196 species and 195 releves resulted in distinguishing 33 associations and 2 sub-associations. Based on distribution area in the region, the most important associations were Ephedretum sarcocarpae, Artem isietum sieberi, Caricetum physodis, Halimocnemidetum piliferae and Stipagrostisetum plumosae.

In natural ecosystems, site classification can be used as a model to determine the quality of forest ecosystems based on ecological factors. Therefore, vegetation analysis based on plant communities and soil properties was performed in Kheyroudkenar forest – Nowshahr. Based on Braun - Blanquet method and using ANAPHYTO software vegetation data were analyesed, and associations recognized. Morevere, ecological groups and differential species were determined based on phytosociological data using TWINSPAN. Afterwards, depending on one sample selected in each landform class, the area with differential species was recognized for soil study. Results showed that two communities constitute the major part of the study area, Rusco-Fagetum and Carpineto–Fagetum. Soil variables that played the most important role for expantion of Rusco-Fagetum associaton were depth, silt, P and pH, while in Carpineto–Fagetum important were clay, sand, Sp, N and C.

Bagheshad is a part of Khojir national park with an area of 2310 hectares. It is located 22 kilometers east of Tehran, south of Haraz Highway. Its geographical position is 35o36’41” to 35o39’33” N, and 51o40’29” to 51o46’22”E. In this research the vegetation cover of Bagheshad region was studied based on Braun-Blanquet method. Main and minor plant combinations were determined based on physionomic factors, and then in each, association units were differentiated on the basis of floristic and ecological factors. Area of plot in association units was found using minimal area method. Finally a number of 85 plots were gathered in the whole region. Information recorded in each plot included abundance –dominance and sociability of plant spices. The phytosociologic data were analyzed through ordination and classification methods using Anaphyto Software. Because of existence of different association units in the region partial analysis was done following primary analysis. Then table of plant associations was made using conclusion resulted from analyses of plots and plant species. Finally a number of 9 plant associations and 6 plant sub- associations were distinguished in the area. Map of plant associations was prepared after determining boundaries of plant associations using Arcview ver 3.1 software.

The central part of Sefid-Kuh protected area covers an area of 10000 hectares situated in 48° 2'-48° 8' longitude and 33° 40'-33° 42' latitude. The vegetation of Sefid-Kuh protected area was studied, using the Braun-Blanquet (Zygmatist) School. Based on the analysis of Phytosociological data and by using FCA and HAC methods, 18 associations and 6 subassociations were recognized. The following associations constitute the major part of the area: Quercetum persicae, Amygdaletum orientalis, Polygono luzuloidis-Astragaletum trictifolii, Lonicero nummulariifoliae- Amygdaletum orientalis, Phlomido olivieri-Ferulaginetum angulatae, Astragalo microphysae-Acantholimentum aspadani, Astragalo nervistipuli-Daphnetum mucronatae. The steppe-forest associations belong to the class of Qurcetea persicae and the order of Quercetalia persicae. The distribution of plant associations in the protected areas is mainly affected by topographic features, including altitude, slope and exposure as well as edaphic factors, such as soil depth and texture. In general, these factors operate in the establishment of plant communities in the different elevation zones and slopes.