Background and Aims: The dentist's attire and appearance affects his/her relationships with the patients. It is also essential to sync the professional attire in dentistry with the habits and Islamic culture of Islamic Republic of Iran, meet the patients' desires, and pay attention to the infection-control-requirements as well. The objective of the present study was to determine the patients' viewpoints about the professional appearance of the dentists at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental School in 1395-96. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 103 patients (54 females and 49 males) were studied. (α =0. 05 and standard variation=4. 5). The questionnaire were included color photographies of a female dentist and a male dentist dressed in different attires. The patients were asked to select the cleanest, and the most trustable, competent, and experienced dentist according to the 4 different attires. The frequencies and percentages of the participants’ answers to the questionaire were descriptively reported. Results: All patients preferred dentists to use white coat during their treatment. For the male dentists, most patients (45. 6%) favored simple hair model. For the female dentists, most patients (35. 9%) considered veil as the more acceptable Hejaband, and 54. 4% of them preferred light makeup. Conclusion: All patients preferred their dentists to dress in the professional attire with a white coat. They believed that wearing formal-professional-dressing by the dentists may show them look cleaner, and more trustable, more competent, and experienced.

Microstructural, petrographical features and field relations, show that formation of the metapelitic rocks of Bolandparchin and Poshtuk in Northwestern Iran was poly-metamorphic. Mineral assemblages in the metapelites of two areas are different. The Bolandparchin schists are graphite-rich and have dark color. Peak metamorphic assemblage is garnet, biotite, staurolite, aluminosilicate minerals (andalusite/sillimanite), muscovite and quartz in these rocks, but Poshtuk metapelites are graphite-free and their mineral assemblages are garnet, staurolite, chloritoid, chlorite, muscovite and quartz, which usually take place by contact metamorphism, the isograds are not compatible with Barrovian type, but reflect the first appearance of chloritoid in the aluminous bulk compositions. This study shows that in spite of same protolith and geothermal gradient in the both areas, existence of different mineral assemblages is due to presence or absence of graphite and consequently different aH2O, so that Poshtuk rocks are graphite-free and have aH2O ~ (0.8-1.0) therefore, chloritoid is formed.  Bolandparchin rocks have aH2O ~ (0.5) and aluminosilicate minerals such as andalusite/kyanite/sillimanite are formed in these rocks

Introduction: Floating teeth is a condition when teeth lose their supporting alveolar bone as a result of a destructive process, which is most frequently occur in the molar/ premolar region of both jaws. The aim of this study was to review the common conditions associated with floating teeth. Materials and methods: We used general search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Science Direct, and Scopus to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "jaw lesion", "jaw disease", "floating tooth", “, floating teeth”, , "tooth mobility", and “, tooth loss”, . About 100 articles were found, of which approximately 80 were broadly relevant to the topic, and finally 30 articles closely related to the above topic were chosen. Results: When the data were compiled, the following 9 lesions were found to have more relationship with floating teeth appearance: Aggressive periodontitis, Langerhans histiocytosis, Burkitt’, s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Metastatic tumors, Primary intraosseous carcinoma (intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma), Ewing’, s sarcoma, Hyperparathyroidism, and Cherubism. Conclusion: When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with floating teeth, they should consider these entities especially malignant disorders in differential diagnosis to make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans according to patients' imagings.

Arteriovenous malformation of head and neck is a rare vascular anomaly but when pre-sent, it is persistent and progressive in nature. It can also represent a lethal benign disease due to massive hemorrhage. There are several indications for treatment including age, location, extension and type of vascular malformation. Endovascular therapy can effec-tively cure most lesions with limited tissue involvement. Surgery can be used in selected cases in combination with embolization. Here, we present a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of mandible with floating tooth appearance in an 11-year-old boy patient. Given the spectrum of imaging presentations seen and the crossover with other lesions, microscopic histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis.

During Achaemenid period, we can see various appearances of kings in Several positions. One series of postures shows him in opposite of different animals. Reliefs of Throne hall at Persepolis almost identified as the symbolic war between king and devils by mest of scholars and vesearch. But this research tries to show that ox or lion had never been the negative and evil definition in ancient Persian culture and we can’t accept them as devils. We tries to proof this hypothesis that this reliefs show the various aspects of king’s character and shows him in the various ceremony like haunting, sacrificing and devils fighting.In Achaemenid era kings during battle with animals have two purposes wartimes shows their power through Symbolic hunting and during peacetime identified themselves as a source of prosperity and regulating force of nature, people and universe that portrayed through the Symbolic war with Sphinxes.this articale tries to review the images of king from semiotic aspects and shows the various levels of signs as symbol, index or Icon to understand the meaning of each part. The structural viewpoint linked various signs with king’s character and Identity with mythological knowledge of ancient Iran. The results show that pictures should be the symbols of sacred power of king, his legitimacy and his character as the enemy of devils and patron of universe order.

According to religious pluralism, all divine and human religions and faith can be equally valid and liberating. John Hick has described and presented this belief as conflicting with exclusiveness and inclusiveness of the world of Christianity. The separation of “existence” from “appearance” and reduction of religion to religious experience and the separation of ‘oyster from shell’ of religion are the principles of Pluralism theory. Pluralism theory is also in opposition to Islamic dialectical principles. In Islam, religions are not all true, to the same extent. Islam is like a sun and other divine religions are like stars that guide only in absence of it. The truthfulness of Islam is preferred over all non-manipulated religions and the only true faith is Islam. Pluralism theory is in opposition to the notion of Mahdism in Shiism, after all. The existence of various religions in the era of Appearance does not validate religious pluralism in that period, since there is no evidence for approval of any constituents and elements of religious pluralism in attitudes of Imam Mahdi (PBUH) or his followers. Finally, the belief in a World Saviour exists in other religions and they too reject religious pluralism.