In traditional speech processing, feature extraction and classification were conducted as separate steps. The advent of deep neural networks has enabled methods that simultaneously model the relationship between acoustic and phonetic characteristics of speech while classifying it directly from the raw waveform. The first convolutional layer in these networks acts as a filter bank. To enhance interpretability and reduce the number of parameters, researchers have explored the use of parametric filters, with the SincNet architecture being a notable advancement. In SincNet's initial convolutional layer, rectangular bandpass filters are learned instead of fully trainable filters. This approach allows for modeling with fewer parameters, thereby improving the network's convergence speed and accuracy. Analyzing the learned filter bank also provides valuable insights into the model's performance. The reduction in parameters, along with increased accuracy and interpretability, has led to the adoption of various parametric filters and deep architectures across diverse speech processing Applications. This paper introduces different types of parametric filters and discusses their integration into various deep architectures. Additionally, it examines the specific Applications in speech processing where these filters have proven effective.

To evaluate the effects of different levels of zinc and copper intake as soil and foliar application and interaction of these two elements on wheat’s qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the research was done as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in Greenhouse College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Saveh in November 2008. The factors of this research were included application of Zinc (with levels of intake 0, 5 and 10 mg EDTA of Zn on kg of soil for soil application and spraying with a solution of 0 and 2 per thousand of Zn) and application of copper (with levels of intake 0, 2.5 and 5 mg EDTA of Cu on kg of soil for soil application and spraying with a solution of 0 and 2 per thousand of Cu) and complex of all of these fertilizers.  Results showed that application of zinc on soil compared with control significant increase grain weight, content absorbed zinc on seed, concentration zinc on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot and fertile tillers while application of copper on soil compared with control significant grain weight, content absorbed copper on seed, concentration copper on seed, concentration copper on the shoot. the results showed that spray of zinc as compared with control View Now significant increase grain weight, content absorbed zinc on seed, concentration zinc on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot while spray of copper as compared with control View Now significant increase content absorbed copper on seed, concentration copper on seed, concentration copper on the shoot. The results showed that complex of all of these fertilizers as compared with control View Now significant increase concentration zinc on seed, concentration copper on seed, , content absorbed zinc on seed, content absorbed copper on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot, concentration copper on the shoot. The results showed that zinc and copper have a negative Interaction on each other.

A laser is a collimated single wavelength of light which delivers a concentrated source of energy. Soon after different types of lasers were invented, investigators began to examine the effects of different wavelengths of laser energy on oral tissues, routine dental procedures and experimental Applications. Orthodontists, along with other specialist in different fields of dentistry, can now benefit from several different advantages that lasers provide during the treatment process, from the beginning of the treatment, when separators are placed, to the time of resin residues removal from the tooth surface at the end of orthodontic treatment. This article outlines some of the most common usages of laser beam in orthodontics and also provides a comparison between laser and other conventional method that were the standard of care prior to the advent of laser in this field.

Computational dynamic programming, while of some use for situations typically encountered in industrial and systems engineering, has proved to be of much greater significance in many areas of computer science. We review some of these Applications here.