Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most important pests of tomato crops in Iran. In this study, the pathogenecity of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana isolate Iran 1395C and Metarhizium asisopliae isolate Iran 1018C and a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis was evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of this pest. The experiments were performed by leaf dipping bioassay method at 25 ± 1° C and 70 ± 5% R. H. under laboratory conditions. The results showed that B. bassiana alone and in combination with M. anisopliae, caused more than 80% mortality in T. absoluta larvae seven days after treatment. The lowest LT50, 35. 84 and 28. 25 h, was observed in these two treatments, respectively. The mortality rate for B. thuringiensis was about 65%, seven days after treatment. There was no significant difference between mortality caused by B. tharingiensis and B. bassiana. However, M. asisopliae isolate Iran 1018C showed significantly lower effect than B. bassiana Iran 1395C and B. thuringiensis against T. absoluta larvae.

Introduction: Cerumen is known as ear wax, produced regularly by cerumen and lipid secretary glands. Regarding the effect of Mazandaran province's humid weather on the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms, this study was performed to determine the BACTERIal flora of the ear in patients with acute otitis externa and its comparison with healthy subjects.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, cerumen was collected and cultured from 40 patients with clinically diagnosed acute otitis externa and 80 healthy controls.The data were finally analyzed using SPSS.Results: In the study group, Staphylococcus aureus (20.8%), Bacillus (18.9%) and Pseudomonas (11.3%) and in the control group Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.7%) and Diphtheroid (22.4%) were the most common BACTERIa, respectively.Conclusion: The isolated BACTERIa from cerumen of healthy subjects were totally different in comparison to those of acute otitis externa patients.

Pseudomonas BACTERIa are the most important plant growth promoting rhizoBACTERIa (PGPR) in different crop plants. In this study, thirty eight Pseudomonas BACTERIa isolated from corn rhizosphere grown in different parts of Khorasan Razavi province. Initially, all isolates were identified by using recommended physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that most of Pseudomonas isolates were similar to Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The potential sidrophore production of all Pseudomonas isolates was evaluated using CAS-agar solid medium. The results of this part of experiment showed that the ratio of halo to colony diameter varied from 0.7175 to 4 after four days of incubation at 27oC. The quantity of sidrophore production of Pseudomonas isolates was also measured by using spectrophotometry method. The results revealed that the amount of sidrophore production changed from 0.96 to 132.5 mML-1 among Pseudomonas isolates. The effect of sidrophore-iron complexes on growth of corn plant was investigated in a hydroponic system under green house condition. The results showed that chlorophyll content, shoot and root dried weights significantly increased when sidrophore-iron complexes was applied to corn plant. The effect of sidrophore-iron complex took out from Pseudomonas fluorescens on iron uptake in corn plant was similar to Fe-EDTA complex. The effect of sidrophore-iron complex extracted from P16 isolate on iron uptake was significantly higher compare to control treatment.

Aim: This work aims to isolate and perform comparative studies of a phages active against a Salmonella enteritidis strain from Iran. Also, suitable phage candidates for therapy of mice will be selected.Background: BACTERIophage is of particular interest as a biocontrol agent in the prevention of food-borne illnesses. In recent years tend to use BACTERIophages to control pathogenic BACTERIa has increased. A BACTERIophage is considered to be a potent antibiotic alternative for treating BACTERIal infections.Methods: the specific phages against Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated and candidates for therapy of mice will be selected. Mouses divided into the six specific groups. Groups of mice were as follows: A: BACTERI (control) B: BACTERI+ BACTERIophage (Simultaneous), C: BACTERI + BACTERIophage Four days later, D: BACTERIophage + BACTERI four days later E: BACTERI+ Ciprofloxacin (Simultaneous) F: BACTERI+ ciprofloxacin+ BACTERIophage (Simultaneous).Results: In this study, a lytic BACTERIophage is isolated and it shows that phage has a head size of 46 nm and without a tail, by using an electron microscope. Oral administration of a single dose of 2 × 109 PFU/mouse BACTERIophage enable to protect mouse against salmonellosis and it causes treatment of salmonellosis in mice.Conclusion: The use of this phage compared to ciprofloxacin shows that in addition of the treatment of mouse, it also prevents weight loss.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the wastewater of fish meal factories as medium upon production of single cell protein using Chlorella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Different amount of substitute of stick water was used instead of the standard medium in BACTERI yeast (0, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 100%) and in algae (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). Batch culture method was used for production of microorganisms in lab. Amount of OD and biomass in algae each 24 hour was measured. Chlorophyl a was measured in maximum growth peak and specific growth rate was measured. Biomass, OD and COD reduction in BACTERI and fungi every 12 hour was measured. In maximum growth time protein of BACTERI, yeast and algae was measured. Result in algae shown that maximum of production was in control treatment and substitution of stick water was not useful. In production of algae just result of 20% stick water was useful. Amount of biomass in algae in control treatment and 20% of stick water were obtained 1.31 and 1.25 g/l respectively. Amount of chlorophyll a in algae in above treatments 0.9 and 0.87 respectively and growth rate was obtained 0.9 and 0.87 respectively. Amount of protein in control treatment and 20% of stick water was 42.70 and 41.57% dry weight respectively. In production of BACTERI and yeast using of stick water was useful. Amount of biomass in BACTERI in control treatment, 60 and 100% of stick water was 1.99, 2.51 and 2.59 g/l respectively. Amount of COD reduction in BACTERI in control treatment, 60 and 100% of stick water was obtained 76, 81.9 and 80.7% respectively. Amount of protein in BACTERI in control treatment and 60 and 100% of stick water was 67.3, 66.4 and 64.9% respectively.Amount of biomass in yeast in control treatment, 60 and 100% of stick water was 4.17, 4.88 and 5.06 g/l respectively. Amount of COD reduction in control treatment, 60 and 100% of stick water was 75, 80.5 and 81.2% respectively. Amount of protein in yeast in control treatment and 60 and 100% of stick water was 48, 46.65 and 45.55% respectively. According to results of in this research substitution of 60 and 100% of stick water was adequate for production of BACTERI and yeast. The maximum 20% of stick water is substitutable for production of algae.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most important endocrine disrupters that has arrived to the environment, because of this reason, it has been developed into a detrimental material for human beings and other organisams. There are several ways for degradation or removal of industrial pollutants, in which the BACTERIal communities plays a major role in the biodegradation of BPA in the environment. In this study, contaminated sediments were collected in Mousa Creek. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolated BACTERI was Pseudomonas putida. Growth and degradation ability of isolated baccteri was measured in 100, 200 and 300 ppm of BPA in 24-hour intervals for 6 days. BACTERIal growth rate was detected with spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Efficiency of BPA degradation was performed by Liquid-liquid extraction method and measured by HPLC. This BACTERI was able to grow at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 ppm of BPA. So, the biodegradation results from mineral salt medium (MSM) indicated that Pseudomonas putida have the best degradation efficiency at the 200 ppm of the BPA. Biodegredation result by HPLC method show that the percentage of the degradation efficiency at the 200 ppm was 82. 8 percent. These results demonstrated this indigenous BACTERIa (Pseudomonas putida) can be used to improve the BACTERIal communities contaminated by Bisphenol A and to eliminate the pollutants from the costal environment.

It is about 20 years that Helicobacter pylori have been discovered as an etiologic factor for peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. The BACTERIum has a spiral form, but under stress conditions can transform to coccoid form. Coccoids are not culturable (by routine methods) therefore it is believed that, they are the morphologic manifestations of cell death. Some investigators successfully showed that coccoids are alive cells. In this research, using flow cytometry, we were able to discriminate between dead and alive cells.The results of this study showed that all of the reserved BACTERIa in water converted to the coccoid form after 24 hours, also after conversion to the coccoid form, the BACTERI can live until 11 months under low temperature conditions.The technique is reliable, fast and convenient to investigate the effect of different environmental factors on H. pylori viability.  

This research was carried out for the purpose of urea fertilizer, organic matter and PGPR BACTERIa effects on yield and some growth indices on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum C.V Alvand). This research was carried out with factorial experiment on completely randomized design with 4 replication in greenhouse. Treatments included BACTERIa 4 levels, without BACTERI, A. brasilense, A. chroococum, integrated both of the BACTERIa, nitrogen fertilizer 3 levels, without urea.150 Kg/hectar urea, 300 Kg/hectar urea and organic matter two levels without organic matter and 30 Ton/hectar. BACTERIa treatments had significant effects on Dry Weight, Tillering and N uptake (P<0.01). Integrated treatments of both BACTERIa was better than alone. Urea treatment had a significant effects on measured adjectives (P<0.01). Organic matter treatments had significant effect on dry weight (P<.05).