Introduction: Akathisia syndrome is one of the medication induced movement disorders that is found is patients who take neuroleptic drug. In this disorder the patients has an inner sense of restlessness and there are some restless movement in patients' limbs. Akathisia can cause drug noncompliance. To make a proper decision for treating the patients and using the best kinds of drugs, a proper rating scale for diagnosing akathisia should be-determined.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in descriptive - analytic style. Samples were 156 hospitalized patients who were on psychiatric drugs. For each patient two data collection forms were prepared. The first form involved questions about diagnosis and akathisia management by physicians. The second form involved Bames rating scale for Akathisia (BARS). The data analysis was performed using SPSS, tests were t-student and statistical significance was assessed at the 5% alpha level. This study was performed in Noor, Farabi and Modares hospitals in the spring and summer of 1383 (2004) in Isfahan (Iran).Results: Among 156 patients, akathisia was diagnosed in 15.4% by BARS scale and in 9.6% by physicians. There was significant difference between the diagnosis of Akathisia by BARS and the diagnosis by physicians. Among patients who had akathisia (in BARS), 29.2% had mild akathisia, 50% had moderate akathisia, 20.8% had marked akathisia Pseudoakathisia was diagnosed in 2.6% of 156 samples. All of the patients, who had akathisia, were taking Antipsychotic drug (83.3% Typical and 16.7% atypical antipsychotic). For treatment, the physicians reduced the dosage of antipsychotic drugs in 80% of the akathisia patients, and added a new drug for 60% of the patients and changed the antipsychotic drug for 20% of them.Conclusion: In our study, akathisia was diagnosed for 24 patients by BARS. But the physicians did not diagnose akathisia in some of these patients. This might have negative effects on treatment of the patients. Therefore, it's necessary to introduce the Bams akathisia rating scale (BARS) to all physicians and encourage them to apply in all wards to suspicious cases.

The BEM is applied to the solution of the torsion problem of non-homogeneous anisotropic non-circularprismatic BARS. The problem is formulated in terms of the warping function. This formulation leads to asecond order partial differential equation with variable coefficients, which is subjected to a generalizedNeumann type boundary condition. The problem is solved using the Analog Equation Method (AEM). According to this method, the governing equation is replaced by a Poisson’ s equation subjected to afictitious source under the same boundary condition. The fictitious load is established using the BoundaryElement Method (BEM) after expanding it to a finite series of radial basis functions. The method has allthe advantages of the pure BEM, since the discretization and integration are limited only to the boundary. Numerical examples are presented which illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.

Lubricant and coolant can improve surface roughness in machining. In addition of ecological harms, thermal shock of coolant or lubricant may affect the surface integrity especially on surface residual stresses and micro-crack nucleation. Dry machining is ecologically desirable and it is considered as a necessity for manufacturing enterprises in the recent years. 55Cr3 steel grade is steel with high strength and very poor machinability. Therefore dry machining can provide good surface qualities in turning process of 55Cr3 steel BARS. In this article, the effects of turning parameters (spindle speed, feed and depth of cut) on surface roughness variation will be investigated. The surface roughness was measured in straight turning and face turning processes. The Taguchi method was implemented for experiments designing and analyzing the measurements. The results showed that in order to obtain an optimum condition for dry turning of 55Cr3 steel BARS, Ra, Rq, Rt, RSm and RSk should be analyzed simultaneously.

A variety of structural members are expected to safely tolerate torsional moments. These include irregularly-shaped cross-sections (e.g., trapezoidal or triangular sections) in some industries which deserve special considerations for the analysis and design under torsional loading. Therefore, the development of novel methods as alternative approaches seems very necessary, partially because of the deficiency of analytical solutions in treating asymmetric solution domains. Semi-analytical and numerical methods appear as desirable alternatives in most cases. One of the proper tools for dealing with the boundary value problems encountered in the torsional analysis is the vibrational method. The Kantorovich semi-analytical method, known as an extension of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, has been proven advantageous among the others, mainly because of relaxing the conventional limitations in selecting the primary function for satisfying the boundary conditions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to extend the applicability of the Kantorovich method to estimate the warping and stress field of arbitrary trapezoidal sections directly. Finally, the efficiency and accuracy of the present solution is verified against a number of existing analytical and numerical methods. The results indicate high precision and rapid convergence of this semi-analytical method.

Due to the increasing need to use rebar in construction, many efforts have been made to optimize its use. One way to reduce rebar usage is to use welded splice instead of overlap splice. However, the Iranian Concrete Code only refers to the welded splice generalities and there are no rules on how to splice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the tensile strength of welded splice BARS with different configurations. For this purpose, reBARS with diameters of 10, 14, 18, 22 and 25 were connected to each other by a variety of discontinuous and continuous overlap patterns by welding with the E6013 electrode. Then the tensile strength of the connected reBARS was obtained by tensile test. Then, with Abaqus software and the birth and death method, a variety of splice patterns were modeled and the results were compared with laboratory results. The results show that the optimum welded splice is the model with discontinuous weld with a weld length of 5d.

Due to the various scenarios for practical applications of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) BARS, FRP BARS with different surface characteristics have emerged in recent years. Since the bond performance of FRP BARS with concrete is highly dependent on the geometric features of the BARS, the bond strength of FRP BARS with different surface characteristics may show significant differences. To investigate the effect of bar surface type on bond properties, a database containing 407 tensile test results of FRP BARS with various surface types, including sand-coated (SC), helical winding (HW), ribbed (RB), and indented (IN), has been compiled based on existing studies. A review of the reported results in the database reveals that the effects of concrete compressive strength, concrete cover, embedment length, and bar diameter on the bond properties of modified BARS (i.e., HW, RB, IN) are generally greater than those of SC BARS. These parameters have a moderate effect on HWSC and INSC BARS due to composite surface treatments. Finally, the performance of several existing models in predicting the bond strength between FRP BARS and concrete has been evaluated, and a new model has been proposed by introducing several geometric factors to quantify the impact of bar surface characteristics on bond strength. This model can provide more accurate predictions of the results from existing experiments.

This paper shows the results of an experimental study on the behavior of rectangular reinforced concrete columns that strengthened in bending with NSM FRP BARS and CFRP jacketing under combined compression axial load and cyclic lateral loading. Near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is one of the best retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This technique is based on inserting fiber reinforced polymer BARS into slits in the cover of reinforced concrete members. For this purpose, seven rectangular RC columns including one control specimen constructed and tested under constant axial load and lateral cyclic displacement. Experimental parameters include different ratios of NSM FRP bar, maximum lateral load capacity, and failure modes are describes based on the test results. The crack patterns in the specimens are also presented. Also, the study was designed to evaluate the necessity of anchoring the end of NSM FRP BARS in the foundation. The test results show that a significant increase in the load carrying capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation of rectangular RC columns can be achieved by using the NSM technique.

Hydraulic jump is generally used for the dissipation of excess kinetic energy downstream of hydraulic structures such as spillway, chutes and gates. In the present research, hydraulic jump characteristics on a new rough bed -with half cylindrical shape BARS- have been investigated experimentally. The roughness elements were used with three different heights and four different longitudinal spacing. Experiments were performed for a range of Froude numbers from 4.6 to 7.4.The results showed that the sequent depth ratio and the length of the jump on rough beds are 25.35% and 38.5% smaller and energy loss is 18% greater than classic jump. The bed shear stress coefficient on roughed bed is about 13 times of its corresponding smooth bed. These effects are intensified as the height, spacing of the rough BARS and the Froude number of flow increased. Some empirical relations for sequent depth ratio, length of the hydraulic jump, relative energy loss and bed shear stress coefficient have been introduced.

Concrete buildings that have been built before 1960 are mainly reinforced by plain BARS. Because of defective bond between plain BARS and concrete, the response of such buildings to earthquakes is uncertain. Despite several experimental reports of cyclic behavior of such beams, their mechanical and physical modeling is vague, and little report on this issue can be found in the well-known literature. It is known that the displacement of concrete beams reinforced by plain BARS consists of three components: slip, bending, and shear. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a model for flexural behavior of beams with plastic hinges, and to expand a formulation for slip of plain BARS in concrete. The theoretical model has been verified by tests of three beams. The results show that the effective stiffness of plain-bar- beams is equal to 22% of that of gross section. In addition, displacement ductility of the beams is about 4.5. These properties vary with ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, ratio of sectional dimensions, and arrangement of reinforcements, where all these parameters have been assessed in the study.