BEHç, et's disease (BD) is a multisystem, progressive, and inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Vasculitis is believed to underlie various clinical manifestations of BD and is known to be one of the main causes of death due to BD, in cases of large vessel involvement. The current study is done in order to examine the effects of rituximab on the patient’, s debilitating clinical manifestations, as a result of not responding to the standard treatment regimens. The present case is a 28-year-old female patient with BD associated vasculitis. She was referred to the respiratory referral center, chiefly complaining of intermittent episodes of massive hemoptysis. She had also recurrent oral and genital ulcers, and difficulty in walking, despite considering the common treatment approaches for BD. Our patient received two courses of rituximab in combination with intravenous methylprednisolone. Over six months follow-up period from the date of treatment initiation with rituximab, symptoms of BD such as recurrent hemoptysis and aphthous ulcers were reduced in both frequency and severity. Lower limb weakness and difficulty in walking were improved as well. To summarize, rituximab appears to be an effective alternative for treatment-resistant vasculitis in BD patients.

BEHç et's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Although evidence about the pathogenesis of BD is growing, the actual cause of this disease is unclear. Both genetic and epigenetic factors are claimed to play significant roles in BD. Epigenetic factors such as age, gender, smoking as well as exogenous factors like diet, infection, stress are related to the onset and clinical manifestations of BD. DNA methylation refers to a major epigenetic element which influences gene activities with catalyzing DNA using a set of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). DNA methylation status of many genes in patients with BD is different from that of healthy people. For example, cytoskeletal gene, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) loci, Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1), and Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) repetitive sequences are different in the DNA methylation status in patients with BD and healthy controls. In this paper we reviewed, according to previous studies, the mechanisms of epigenetic, the epigenetic factors involved in the BD, and especially the effect of DNA methylation in the BEHcet’ s disease. Future studies are needed to identify the capability of specific DNA methylation alterations in BD in order to predict disease manifestations, medical course, and response to treatment.

inflammatory vascular disorder with an autoimmune background. It is a genetic disease which can be affected by environmental factors. BEHç et’ s disease may involve different organs like urogenital system, skin, eyes, and gastrointestinal system. The prevalence of the disease varies considering the geographic area and genetic predisposition. This study aims to evaluate some clinical features of muco-cutaneous lesions of BD. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 43 patients with BD (24 men, 19 women). Age, sex, disease duration, and history of receiving medication were investigated. The self-reported questionnaire was completed by participants. Skin manifestations and genital and ocular involvements were also documented. Results: Male to female ratio was measured 1. 26: 1. Oral aphthous commonly localized on the lips. Ocular involvements and skin lesions prevalence percentages were 76% and 48%, respectively. There was a statically significant correlation between ocular lesions and age. Skin lesions and the frequency of oral aphthous per year had a significant relationship. There also was a significant relationship between the incidence of ocular lesions and skin lesions. Conclusion: Oral aphthous, the most popular manifestation of BD, is the hallmark of diagnosis. Thus, patients with oral aphthous require close surveillance for other manifestations of BD for timely diagnosis and reference to a rheumatologist.

The right to peace and global security are considered as critical rights and necessities for human life, the realization of which requires support of the global society. Initially, the establishment of the United Nations made people believe that they are achieving this significant matter, and a major part of problems caused by disagreements and growing wars are being solved. Unfortunately, this has not been the case and we are still observing the increasing rate of clashes, domestic conflicts and foreign wars all around the World. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the barriers against the realization of this right and seek to address them. With little reflection, one discovers that one of the principle roots of the existing disagreements and unending wars around the World is the inefficiency of the United Nations (UN), which was established with the purpose of maintaining peace and security in the world. However, the UN suffers from significant difficulties in recognition, structure, and execution in the field of right to peace, which are mainly due to legal reasons. Therefore, this study attempts to find the existing weaknesses, including defects and shortages, of the United Nations in maintaining peace and security around the World. In addition, we will try to propose strategies to prevent the repetition of past mistakes, correct such defects, and take effective measures to improve the right to peace.