This research examines and analyzes the concept of social unity and cohesion in the thoughts of Confucius and Peter BERGER. The primary aim of the study is to understand and compare the views of these two thinkers on how social cohesion is created and maintained in different societies. Confucius, the prominent Chinese philosopher, emphasizes the importance of ethical and cultural principles, the role of the family, customs, and respect for elders as key elements in strengthening social unity. He believes that the internal harmony of individuals with moral and cultural values is a significant factor in enhancing social solidarity and forming a cohesive society. In contrast, Peter BERGER, a contemporary sociologist, adopts a sociological and religious approach, focusing on the role of social and religious institutions in social cohesion. According to his perspective, these institutions play a crucial role in reinforcing social unity by providing shared values and norms. BERGER argues that social cohesion is achieved not only through cultural agreements but also through social and institutional mechanisms. This study explores the views of Confucius and BERGER, elucidating the points of convergence and divergence in their thoughts. The theoretical foundations of both thinkers are first reviewed, followed by a comparison of their views on social unity and cohesion. The findings suggest that despite the cultural and historical differences between Confucius and BERGER, both emphasize the importance of shared human principles and the role of social institutions in fostering and preserving social cohesion. This indicates that achieving social unity is a concept beyond the limitations of time and place. Ultimately, the research concludes that integrating the views of Confucius and BERGER can provide new solutions for addressing contemporary social challenges and contribute to strengthening unity and cohesion in various societies.

ALU is one of the most sensitive units of a processor, which most of the instructions of a processor are executed by this section. In most of the Architecture methods for mitigation of fault such as temporal redundancy, it is necessary to detect the errors first. Hardware overhead of test circuits is one of the most important disadvantages for testing small circuits which makes designers to use unusual methods in the design of small circuits. In this Article, a new implementation method for BERGER code has been used to detect the error and compared with the previous method that is based on the BERGER code. In the proposed method, the current mode circuits are employed to reduce the cost of the BERGER code implementation. This circuit has higher speed and less hardware complexity than conventional implementations of BERGER code. According to the result of this article, the Power of current mode BERGER has been reduced at a rate of 51%, and the area of current mode BERGER has been reduced at a rate of 74. 3% and also the total cost of the BERGER circuit (Power*Delay*Area) has been reduced at a rate of 91%.

In the current research, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were created using Euphorbia Pseudocactus BERGER (Euphorbiaceae) extracts, which played the main role in the formation and stability of nanoparticles. The physic-chemical properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by means of Ultraviolet– Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. UV-Vis results illustrated that maximum plasma resonance absorption of Ag NPs are about 426 nm. Size distribution and spherical morphology was determined by TEM method. The XRD was confirmed face centered cubic (FCC) structure for synthesized nanoparticles. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and Molecular dynamics (MD) were utilized to evaluate the nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties of biosynthesized Ag NPs were studied on E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 2592), P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and E. faecalis (ATCC51299) using micro dilution broth method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of synthesized Ag NPs on S. aureus and E. faecalis obtained 4 and 8 μ g/mL and P. aeruginosa and E. coli obtained 16 and 4 μ g/mL. So, synthesized nanoparticles can be utilized as an antibacterial agent in medical and industrial devices and tools. . .

The aim of the present research is to investigate the relation between phenomenology and language, and to comprehend the cognitive experience by reading a literary work or an aesthetic text. It also addresses the process of pure perception and visualization of an object in the mind and the relation of body to the world within the phenomenal field. The present study delves into John BERGER’, s A Painter of Our Time (1958) in order to examine the painterly process of expressing an array of human sensations and experience of the world, eventually revealing the truth. The phenomenological philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty enables an intersubjective interaction between “, body”, , “, experience”, , language and “, perceptual world”, . This study thus seeks to address the mechanics of the painter’, s mind, exploring the root of being and eventually explaining his style and mute meaning. Focusing on whether visualizing, reading, and thinking through a work of art in a text, could provide an aesthetic experience of the text ultimately brings an aesthetic judgment of a work of art based on the knowledge gained through the literary text. Consequently, the readers, positioning themselves in the synesthetic and experience of the text, develop a new visual and aesthetic experience of the world.

History and Objectives: Due to the prevalence of BERGER disease and continuation of pain and its side effects among patients and probability of veinal- arterial fistula, the present study was carried out as a preliminary study on the effect of fistula on BERGER patients referred to the Shohadaie Haft Tir Hospital in 1998. Materials and Methods: An experimental study on five patients suffering from BERGER disease was performed. Pathologic findings were the basis of diagnosis of BERGER disease. Veinal-arterial fistula was created on the ischemic and painful organs and its effect on the lowering of PV02 ischemic organ and lowering of the pain were assessed. Results were examined with paired t-test and significant difference (p<0.001) were observed. Results: PVO 2 before and after the operation was 44.4±6.28 and 69.6 ±4.2respecteively, with 25.2 ±3.11 and increase of 56.75% in arterial oxygen pressure was obtained. Pain was decreased (upto 75%) in all patients. Veinal-arterial fistula did not have any effect on prognosis and need of amputation in short run. Conclusions: The results of the present study are very promising. Further study in a larger scale and maintenance of pain free organ for the patients is recommended.      

One of the fundamental issues of human life is the meaning of life. This topic has become a relatively independent area of study in recent decades. The issue can be examined from different perspectives, with the construction of life's meaning or its objectification beyond individual and social constructs being one of the important areas that has generated diverse scholarly views. The key questions are: Does a person construct meaning for life, or is the world inherently meaningful, requiring only that an individual align their life with this meaning to achieve a meaningful existence? This article compares the views of Peter BERGER and Mohammad-Taqi Jafari on this subject. The research was conducted using a hermeneutic method inspired by John Plamenatz. The research reveals that while Peter BERGER and Mohammad-Taqi Jafari share many similarities in their analysis of life's meaning and acknowledge the central role of religion in providing meaning, they differ in their perspectives on how meaning is established—whether through construction or discovery. BERGER views the meaning of life as a social construct, whereas Mohammad-Taqi Jafari considers meaning as an objective reality that humans can comprehend by harmonizing with existence.

The Present Paper seeks to compare the religiousity among university students and other young people. The rationale is the attention paid by social research on the relationship between modernity and secularism. Although Peter BERGER has changed his idea regarding the secularism being the final result of modernity, but it is still claimed that people with higher level of education are less inclined toward religion than others. In other words, university students show lower level of religiousity. The present paper by employing BERGER's conceptual framework and taking into account the varions dimensions of religiousity seeks to examine religiousity among these two groups of people. The results confirmed the revised idea of BERGER. In other words, no significant difference were found. Yet no single pattern in religiousity is followed by all people. For this reason, it is better to describe the situation as multi-dimensional religiousity.

Banks play an important role in the economy and financial markets by allocating funds. In fact, banks act as financial intermediaries. Banks are also a pool of liquidity, creating this liquidity through the maturity of balance sheet items. Due to the importance of bank liquidity, this research has attempted to calculate the liquidity creation index in the banking system of Iran using the BERGER and Bauman method (2009). Since banks are the most important economic centers, it should be noted that liquidity will have a serious impact on their performance as well as on the economic situation of the community, and banks will be subject to crisis and instability. The Markov-Switching model is used to characterize years based on the banking crisis. Probit-Logit model has been used to investigate the impact of liquidity on the banking crisis. Data from 2005 to 2017 of 17 private and public banks are included. The results of this study will show that by using BERGER and Bowman's (2009) model, liquidity creation has been calculated for 13 years and with the help of Logit model, the best model has been selected and shows that liquidity will have a positive impact on the banking crisis. Assets, credit risk, inflation and deferred claims will have a positive impact, but free trade and capital adequacy will have a negative impact on the banking crisis. In fact, banks create liquidity to prevent bankruptcy. However, liquidity creation will first cause loss for the banks themselves and then for the economic society.

Lunotriquetral (LT) ligament tear, usually in combination with an adjacent carpal ligament injury, can result in complete LT dissociation and VISI (Volarflexed Intercalated Segment Instability). Operative techniques for the management of instability are highly variable with many described in literature, although there is little evidence to demonstrate the superiority of one definitive therapeutic technique of repair and reconstruction. In this paper, we discuss our proposed technique for performing LT ligament repair using an augmented internal brace, which addresses triquetral extension and lunate flexion. The internal brace construct also provides biomechanical superiority as it includes the augmentation of the ligament and capsule repair. We use figures and references from our case example to demonstrate this technique.