Formation of identity entails the integration of skills, world view and identification which emerges as a relatively cohesive, unique and differentiated whole. An integrated explanatory self which identifies the individual’s thought and behavior and can be regarded as the underlying arena for psychological distress. The research purpose was to investigate the relationship between identity styles and psychological distress. Therefore, in a descriptive-correlative study, 3245 college students (1703 male students and 1534 female students) were tested with regard to the identity styles and psychological distress. The correlation results of the scores indicated that information-oriented style, normative style and identity commitment are significantly negatively correlated to psychological distress; however, diffuse avoidant style was significantly, positively correlated to psychological distress. It seems that, individuals who adopt diffuse-avoidant style delay decision-making on their identity and gradually these maladaptive and avoidant strategies give rise to distress.

Identity and how to process related information is one of the most important concerns of adolescence, and literature, especially teenage novels, has been able to reflect this concern. novel Hasti is among the novels worthy of attention in this field. The purpose of this research is to investigate the capacities of this novel in showing identity processing styles. This research has been done using the content analysis method, and by following the actions of the main character of this novel, we have tried to analyze her identity processing styles with Michel BERZONSKY's approach and show the narrative techniques of identity representation. The findings of the research show that Hasti has used all three styles of identity processing to achieve a unified and independent identity; Although her confused processing style is more pronounced and her unconventional character distinguishes her from other characters in novels. The analysis of the narrative methods shows that the author has been able to show the different spiritual and personality dimensions and her concerns by using the method of intra-event narration and internal focalization to show the style of identity processing in Hasti.

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting styles, identity styles and commitment in adolescents and causal model of these variables witch proposed by BERZONSKY (2004). A total of 415 third-grade high school students (187 male and 238 female) were selected via cluster sampling method. Data collected by perceived parenting styles questionnaire, BERZONSKY’s identity processing styles questionnaire and then analyzed using correlation, regression analysis and path analysis.Results showed that parenting styles and identity styles predict thirty one percent of variance of commitment. Also, identity styles were predicted significantly by parenting styles. The results of path analysis showed that causal model proposed by BERZONSKY (2004) was not fitted in this study.Probably with regarding to the importance of ethnicity and cultural differences of Iran society and age differences, causal model proposed by BERZONSKY (2004) was not confirmed in Iranian adolescents. However, in general, mother parenting styles and identity processing styles are good predictors of commitment of Iranian adolescents.

Objectives: The aim of this descriptive study was to examine the relationships between identity styles of the BERZONSKY model and religiosity.Method: 359 students (182 males and 177 females) who were selected using a randomized stratified multi-stage method from among undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti and Tehran universities were assessed using BERZONSKY Identity Styles Inventory (ISI), Islamic Orientation Questionnaire, and the Duriez Post Critical Belief Scale (PCBS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.Results: Based on correlation analysis, most religiousity variables were positively related to informational and normative identity styles and negatively related to diffuse/avoidant identity style. Also, stepwise regression analysis showed that religious belief and practice, was predicted by informational and normative identity styles, inclusion of transcendence was predicted by normative and diffuse/avoidant identity styles (negatively) and symbolic processing was positively predicted by informational identity style.Conclusion: The positive relation of most religiousity factors with informational and normative identity styles, and their negative relationship with diffuse/avoidant identity styles indicates that these factors belong to a common religious construct.

Introduction: This study aims to anticipate religious orientation based on identity styles among students of Kashan University. Identity, on the one hand, distinguishes between "I" and "we" or "other" and "others", and on the other hand, it is the most important source of recognizing emotions and feelings and organizing individual and collective behaviors within the surrounding society. By integrating different aspects of identity, BERZONSKY (1992) presents a process model of identity in which he uses and analyzes identity as a cognitive structure, specific framework, and source for the interpretation of experiences. His model emphasizes the various strategies for information processing that individuals use to explore issues of identity, including politics, religion, and social relations. Besides, according to Allport and Ross's (1967) theory, the religious orientation of individuals is classified into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. Intrinsic religion has become an all-encompassing religion with organized and internalized principles. In people with an intrinsic religious orientation, religion creates a sense of comfort, security, usefulness, and self-compatibility. In other words, people with religious orientation live in harmony with their religious beliefs and rituals, and this leads to greater social security and stability in them. Extrinsic religion, on the other hand, is an external tool used to satisfy one's materialistic needs, such as wealth, status, and security. With such an approach, the present study seeks to answer the question of the extent to which students’,religious orientation can be explained and predicted based on different identity styles of individuals...

The present study aims to analyze the relationship between family flexibility and identity styles with the mediating role of critical thinking dispositions in adolescent girls. A sample of 306 girl students was chosen by Multi-stage cluster sampling method from among girl students of Kazerun high schools. The instruments used in this study are Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI, Ricketts, 2003), BERZONSKY Identity Styles Questionnaire (1989), and Shakeri Positive Flexibility (1382). The results of path analysis showed that family flexibility directly and indirectly affects critical thinking disposition and identity styles. Also, critical thinking disposition has a direct effect on the identity styles.

This study examined the relationship between Bownen's concept of self-differentiation and identity styles suggested by Berzonskey. 89 university students (including 45 male and 44 female) completed two questionnaires including Identity Styles Inventory (BERZONSKY, 1989) and Differentiation of Self Inventory (skowron and Friedlander, 1998). Results demonstrated that all dimensions of differentiation of self (emotional reactivity, I position, fusion with others, emotional cut off) were positively correlated with informative style and negatively correlated with diffuse-avoidant style.There were positive correlations between two dimensions (I position and fusion with others) and normative style, and no significant relationship between two dimensions of self-differentiation (emotional reactivity and emotional cut off) and normative style.Finally, the implications for counseling and psychotherapy practices are suggested.

The aim of the present research was to study the relationship among attachment and identity styles with general health and academic achievement of female preuniversity school students in Qazvin city. Study sample consisted of 324 pre-university school students. They were selected by means of the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Attachment styles, identity styles and general health of the subjects were measured using the Cloinz and Rid's Adult Attachment Scale, BERZONSKY Identity Styles, and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, respectively. Results of the study indicated that: identity styles and learning styles were significantly correlated to each other and also were significantly correlated with general health of the subjects. Identity styles and academic achievement were significantly correlated. The correlations among attachment styles and academic achievement were not significant.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of personality characteristics and identity styles with life satisfaction in Shiraz secondary students. To do so, a sample consisting of 223 females and177 males was selected through multi stage cluster sampling method. The participants were requested to complete Costa and McCrae five-factor personality NEO-FFI, BERZONSKY identity styles and Diner life satisfaction test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between identity styles and life satisfaction. There was also a significant relationship between personality characteristics and life satisfaction. Personality characteristics were significant predictor of life satisfaction for students. Identity styles were identified to be a significant predictor of life satisfaction for students. There wasn’t any significant difference between male and female students’ life satisfaction in various educational groups.

the study aimed to investigate the internet addiction model based on identity styles and mediating role of alexithymia in students. This research was a correlational research based on the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study was all of secondary high school students in Sari. In this study, 361 people were selected by multistage sampling and responded to the Identity Style Scale (BERZONSKY, 1992), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Taylor & Parker, 1994), and Internet Addiction Scale (Young, 1998). The findings showed good model fit and 41% of Internet addiction variance were explained by identity styles and alexithymia. The results of this study highlights the importance of the role of identity as well as the mediating role of alexithymia on students' extreme internet tendencies and has implications for improving mental health.