Deposits of terraces and alluvial fans are an important part of the sedimentary series of the Quaternary period that represents the characteristics of their upstream basins. In this study were determined 14 samples of these deposits were collected from the catchment of Kalshoor River in northeastern Iran. In each sample, geochemical and sedimentary characteristics, texture and particle size, element oxides of each of them were investigated. The particle size distribution of the sediments indicates average roundness, poor soreness and normal graining with sand, gravel and sandy gravel. The tectonic setting of these sediments on basing geochemical diagrams placed in the oceanic arc and continental arc setting. Also, determining the effect of weathering in the source area of these deposits using the chemical index of alteration (CIA) suggested the low degree of weathering and dry weather conditions in the source area.

Both trace fossils and lithofacies of Binalood’s Oligocene deposits have been studied in Damanjan and Taghan sections, north Neyshabouer. Identified trace fossils include Arenicolites isp., Cochlichnus isp., Scoyenia isp., Steinichnus isp., Taenidium barretti, Horizontal U-shaped burrows, J-shaped burrows and Root trace. These trace fossils belong to Scoyenia ichnofacies, which can be found in sandstone layers.The studies of these trace fossils show that Oligocene deposit has been deposited in fluvial depositional system.

Landslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is necessary for planning future developmental activities. In this study, the operator of fuzzy logic in landslide hazard zonation has been used in ArcGIS software environment in the southern and northern slopes of Binalood mountain range in Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, first layers of 20 factors related to the occurrence of landslide phenomenon were prepared. After fuzzyizing the layers in the ArcGIS environment, the landslide risk zoning was performed using fuzzy Product, fuzzy sum, gamma 0. 8 and 0. 9. Finally, the accuracy of the obtained maps was evaluated using ROC curve and landslide distribution map. Evaluation of landslide zoning results showed that Fuuzy product and fuzzy Sum operators due to their high and very low sensitivity are not suitable for landslide risk zoning. But fuzzy gamma-ray operation is suitable for landslide zonation. According to the results of the ROC curve and the landslide distribution map, the gamma operators )0. 8 and 0. 9) have the best performance in modeling and zoning the landslide risk. According to the Landslide Risk Zoning Map using Gamma 0. 8, about 72. 4 percent of the area has low and very low sensitivity, 9. 8 percent has high and very high sensitivity and 17. 8 percent has moderate sensitivity.

Introduction: As a direct result of migrations rising and population growth, particularly in developing and undeveloped countries, the population of cities was increased. Different results and problems such as density, pollution, unemployment, housing shortage and urban services, have been caused by the fast population growth across the developing countries during last three decades (Atash & Shirazi Beheshtiha, 1998: 1). First and foremost, developing of living in cities following with its special problems has necessitated finding some solutions in order to optimize citizen’s life (Zarabi & Ghanbari, 2010: 1).

Aims & Backgrounds: Physical texture of urban areas can have chaotic behavior due to their nonlinear and unpredictable characteristics. The theory of chaos in urban development attempts to explore physical development which has fractal geometry, as a non-linear, sensitive to preliminary conditions and generalizable to different scales with an emphasis on geometric aspects of it. In this study, with the aim of achieving the physical growth pattern, the physical status of a part of Mashhad urban complex has been investigated and analyzed as a coherent whole with homogeneous function (tourism). Methodology: The research method in this study is analytical-descriptive. In order to achieve the goals of the research, the urban fabric of a designated area has been studied with the help of up-to-date maps and specialized software. Scaling has been adhered to as a generalizable process, therefore, this research is one of the applied research. Findings: With respect to scaling, the correlation coefficient between the geometric parameters indicates a significant relationship between these parameters. The fractal spectrum of the study area at various scales (whole and component) indicates the autopsy of the study body and describes its process. Conclusion: As a result, physical growth process in the studied area is chaotic and it follows a specific growth pattern at different scales. Far from the populated cores (Mashhad, Toos, Torghabeh and Shandiz), physical geometry tends to be linear, and it is also in relation to transport arteries’ geometry.

Rosa kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz. is reported as a new species for the flora of Iran from Binalood Mountains in Razavi Khorassan Province. This species is morphologically compared with its closely related species, R. hemisphaerica Herrm. and R. foetida Herrm., previously recorded for Iran. Illustrations, distribution map and notes on biogeography, conservation status and habitats of R. kokanica are provided.

Introduction: Land use issue over the past few years Due to the great importance of land use change has received much attention So much so that today the issue of land use change is one of the most important challenges in the natural and human resource management system. Goal: according to this The present study is trying With the help of strategic planning tools, Identify and present optimal implementation strategies to reduce agricultural land use change. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. From a total of 14 villages in Binalood County that have had unauthorized agricultural land use changes in recent years, 8 villages with more than 100 land use changes were selected as a sample. The Rural Experts Analysis Unit was familiar with the internal and external environment in relation to the research topic and snowball sampling method. Geographical area of research: The study area in this study were the villages with the highest amount of land use change in Binalood County, located in Khorasan Razavi province. Results and discussion: Based on exploratory studies, 18 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 29 weaknesses and threats as limitations and problems facing the change of use of agricultural lands in Binalood County were identified. The opinions of the three groups (local informants and managers) were asked in the designed questionnaire. The results showed that in matrix SWOT, according to the score of IFE = 2. 242 and EFE = 2. 769, conservative (maximum-minimum) strategies were identified in order to reduce the change of use of agricultural lands. The following 6 strategies were prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Conclusion: In this regard, the most important strategy of "organizing illegal and unprincipled constructions by implementing government oversight programs" was identified with a score of 1. 211. Therefore, it is necessary to control land use changes by proper land management.

The Middle Jurassic scilisiclastic doposit has a good exposure in the East of the Binaload Zone and composed of conglomerate, sandstone and high amounts of fine grained sediments. The lower and upper boundaries of section are sharp respectively with Mashhad phylite and limestone. In this study lithofacies analysis in order to interpretation depositional environment and the origin of tectonic setting of Jurassic silisiclastic deposits in Binaload Zone were investigated in Baze hoz section, soth of Mashhad. Relying on the facies characteristics and stratal geometries the silisiclastic succession are divided into 10 lithofacies in the 160 meter thick. lithofacies are classified into 4 categories including coarse grain (Gcm, Gmm, Gh, Gp), medium grain (Sh, Sr, Sm), fine grain (Fl, Fm) and biochemical (C). Based on the following evidence, the Jurassic silisiclasic sediments have been deposited in Delta river system: Sedimentary facies: coarsening upward deposit, coal deposite, Leave fossils, syneresis crack and unidirectional sedimentary structures such as ripplemark, cross bedding, lack of Bi-directional structure. Petrographic studies led to the identification 6 petrofacies conglomerate and sandstone. Plotted data on Qt, F, L diagram, indicate recycled orogene for this deposits. Also plot data on Basu and Q, F, L diagrams, respectively shows low to medium grade metamorphic and hiumid climatic condition for sandstones of Jurassic sediments for these deposits at the time of formation. According to Turan and Iran clash pages and closing the Paleo-Tethys Sea in NE Iran Jurassic sediments in the study area composed of erosion of upland areas. These results indicate a wet weather conditions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in 6 tourist villages of Binalood city of Khorasan Razavi province. The present research is applied and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the tourist destination villages of Binalood city that have the highest volume of tourists and entrepreneurial activities. The sample size is based on statistics obtained from the city's Department of Industry and Mines, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province and in consultation with village managers, owners of 196 entrepreneurial businesses in the field of restaurants, teahouses and resorts. The data extracted from the researchermade questionnaire were analyzed using statistical analysis methods in SPSS software. The results of Friedman test showed that the humanitarian index has the highest and the economic index has the lowest average rank from the respondents' point of view. On the other hand, high chi-square coefficient shows a significant difference between the indicators. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test show the highest level of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in Abreh and Jagharq and the lowest level in Zashk. In terms of moral index, there is no significant difference between villages, but in other indicators (legal, humanitarian, economic, environmental) the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in the studied villages is different. Introduction: In recent years, the tourism-oriented villages of Mashhad-Torqabeh Shandiz, due to its pristine and beautiful nature and many natural tourist attractions, has become a space for creating and developing entrepreneurial activities in rural tourism, and is increasingly witnessing activities related to We are. Therefore, due to the great importance of the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in reducing the negative effects and increasing the positive effects of rural tourism, it is necessary to examine their level of responsibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1-What is the status of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs? 2-Is there a difference between the dimensions of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs or not? Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical. Indicators have been studied in three areas of entrepreneurship social responsibility towards the environment, tourists (guests) and local community (host). The analysis unit in this study is tourism entrepreneurs who have engaged in economic activities in the study villages. To examine the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs, villages were selected that offer more amenities and services such as restaurants, teahouses and resorts. For this reason, the villages of Jagharq, Abreh Olya, Hesar Sorkh, Kong, Zashk and Naghandar were selected as the study population. The sample size was 196 owners of restaurants, teahouses and resorts. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by 8 university professors and its reliability was assessed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Alpha coefficients, in all dimensions higher than 0. 5, indicate the validity and internal consistency of the research structures. In order to analyze the collected data according to the objectives of the research, SPSS software was used. In the data analysis section, due to the non-normality of the data, non-parametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Discussion and Results: According to the results, the responsibility of entrepreneurs varies both in scale and in the destination villages. Tourism entrepreneurs in the humanitarian and legal dimensions have the highest level of social responsibility and the lowest level of responsibility related to the economic and then environmental dimension. The most important issue is that tourism entrepreneurs have not been able to create many job opportunities for Indigenous people, and due to gender orientation, fewer women have been used in the business environment. In the environmental dimension, entrepreneurs have less commitment to the use of recyclable items, as a result of their activities have caused pollution in the environment. The level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards the local community, tourists, environment showed that the highest level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards tourists. Because the goal of all tourism entrepreneurs and business owners is to make more profit. The results also showed the lowest level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards the environment. According to the results, the social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in Abardeh and then Jagharq villages is higher than other villages, and in Zashk village, the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs is lower than other villages. The conclusion indicates that more entrepreneurship and tourism businesses have been created in the villages of Abreh and Jaghargh along these villages, and also from a better geographical location than other villages of Abreh and Jagherq with more tourists and entrepreneurship, and as a result the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs. And business owners to attract tourists and their satisfaction is more, but the village of Zashk at the end of the Mashhad-Torqabeh Shandiz tourism axis has fewer tourists and more has the second houses of urban dwellers. Conclusions: Accountability studies have shown that entrepreneurs can be successful in their business if they take responsibility for everyone (environment, community and customers). Accordingly, it is necessary for tourism entrepreneurs to act more responsibly to improve the performance of their business and to include social responsibility in their business, and the good performance of tourism entrepreneurs is a reflection of their observance of this principle. Tourism entrepreneurship is sustainable when it satisfies the local community and tourists and does the least damage to the environment.

The aim of this study was finding the Autecology of sumac species (Rhus coriaria) in Khorasan province (Binalood Mountains). Sampling of soil and plant vegetation carried out in two sites (Darroud and Bojan with 5 and 6 hectare surface area respectively). Climate of these sites was semi arid. Samples gained from 33 plots with systematic random method by using of 50*50 meter net. The factors of tree measurements including tree height, crown height, crown percentage, tree density and seedling density measured in all plots. ANOVA test showed: 1-Among aspects the factors of seedling density, crown percentage and crown height had significant differences, 2-the effect of slope was significant on tree density and crown percentage, 3-The increase of stone percent decreased crown percentages, tree density and crown height.4-Increase of gravel percent deduced tree height, crown percentage and tree density. In general, due to little requirements of this species to water and nutrient and due to distribution of this species in soils with medium nutrient levels and even week soils and to widespread distribution of sumac species in Iran, utilization of sumac for development of green space in arid and semi-arid areas can be ordered.